Fex(ZnSe)1-x granular films were fabricated by the radio frequency sputtering, and the structures and magnetic properties of nanometer ferromagnetic metal-semiconductor matrix Fex(ZnSe)1-x granular films have been studied. According to the dependence of low field susceptibility on temperature and the hysteresis loops at different temperature, it was found that the nanometer-sized Fe particles in granular films showed the magnetic relaxation effect at definite temperature. The magnetic property of granular films changes from super-paramagnetic into ferromagnetic at the blocking temperature TB=50K. Above the blocking temperature, the MS(T) of the granular films follows the Bloch's the spin wave T3/2 law. The causes of increase of the spin wave constant are explored and analyzed.

Correlation of the nonlinear kinetic discrete model for diffusion in binary nonuniform system and Fick’s laws and Cahn-Hilliard equation is discussed. The diffusion asymmetry coefficients m’ and the ordering energy V in the nonlinear kinetics discrete model are the main influencing factor due to the strong concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient in the binary nonuniform system. The concentration profiles of Mo/V multilayers with modulation wavelength 4.8 nm, 9.6 nm and 48 nm were calculated by the nonlinear kinetic discrete model and Cahn-Hilliard equation. It is found that classical diffusion law of Fick’s laws and Cahn-Hilliard equation and the nonlinear kinetic discrete model are valid for description of diffusion for all diffusion scale, whereas error of classical diffusion Law increases gradually with decreasing of diffusion scale, only the nonlinear kinetic discrete model is valid for description of diffusion in nano scale.

Based on the fundamental metallurgical principles of metal hot working process, a two-dimensional dynamic recrystallization(DRX) model of pure copper was built up by using cellular automata(CA) to simulate the microstructural evolution during thermomechanical processing with DRX. It could calculate the variation of the flow stress, the orientation and mean size of recrystallization grains(R-grains). The flow stress was evaluated from the average dislocation density of the matrix and all the R-grains. The dynamic recrystalization process for different strains, strain rates, temperatures were simulated. The predictions agree well with experimental results for pure copper at the same hot working condition. The model provides an elementary link for the microscopic dislocation activities, mesoscopic grain boundary movement dynamics, and macroscopic hot working parameters, and paves the way for the multiscale modeling in the future.

The pure copper bar with continuous columnar crystals, which had excellent plastic workability and conductivity, was fabricated by continuous unidirectional solidification process with vacuum melting and argon protecting. This paper investigates the copper bar’s plastic deformation behavior through mesomechanical analysis with the device developed by General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals. It was found that during the deformation, different crystals had different slip systems because of different crystal orientation, and the nucleation of a sub-grain was observed. Grain boundary played an important role in the deformation, which is the reason for excellent plastic workability.

The giant magnetostrain of NiMnGa alloys have been gained only in the single crystals with a single variant structure. Uniaxial compression treatments were used generally to get the single variant. But the method could not treat the samples with large length-diameter radios by reason of causing bend deformation. In this paper, high magnetic field treatment on the NiMnGa single crystals to gain a single variant is reported. Ni50Mn28.5Ga21.5 single crystal with size of Ф7×38.9 mm was prepared by optical floating zone-melting method. The single crystal was magnetized repeatedly in a 10T pulsed magnetic field for martensite variants treatment, and a near single variant with 5.2% giant magnetostrain was obtained. The pressure effect on the magnetostrain was investigated, and the results showed that with the compression stress increasing, the critical magnetic field for the magnetostrain jump was increased and the saturated magnetostrain was decreased.

B4C-TiB2-Al composites were prepared by the method of infiltrating aluminum into B4C-TiB2 preform in vacuum. Investigations were carried out to analyze the effects of different content of TiB2 on the microstructure and properties of the composites. The results showed that B4C-TiB2-Al composite is mainly composed of B4C, TiB2, Al and Al3BC, and hardness decreases, bending strength increases and fracture toughness increases and then decreases lightly with the increase of TiB2 content,. Porosity, hardness, bending strength and fracture toughness of composite with 40 wt.% TiB2 are 1.32%, 80.3HRA, 559.4MPa and 7.83MPa•m1/2 respectively. It was found that the toughening mechanism of the composites is mainly that the addition of aluminum, the diminishment of B4C and TiB2 grain size, the crack deflection and divarication caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the matrix B4C and the particle TiB2. The ratio of metal tear ridges and dimples increase while the ratio of intergranular fractures and transgranular fractures decrease in the fracture surface with the increase of aluminum content.

A new processing technique - friction stir processing (FSP) - was applied to process cast 7075 aluminum alloy. The effect of processing parameters on the microstructure of the stir zone was investigated. Because the coarse grains and coarse second-phase particles at grain boundaries in cast 7075Al reduced its plastic deformation ability substantially, it was difficult to obtain a uniform microstructure by usual tool designs and processing parameters. By overlapping the FSP passes, the homogeneous and fine equiaxed grains were produced in the stir zone. Furthermore, reducing the tool size and increasing the rotation rate resulted in a significant improvement in the microstructural homogeneity of the stir zone.

Titanium Nitride (TiN) hard protective films were fabricated on AISI52100 bearing steel substrate employing plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIII&D) technique. The TiN films have been characterized using a variety of test methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that PIII&D results in the formation of three varieties of titanium components in the surface layer, which has also been proved by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) combined with Ar sputtering. Atomic force microscope (AFM) has revealed the deposition of extremely smooth TiN films, having very high uniformity and compact density over large areas. The nanohardness (H) and the elastic modulus (E) of TiN films measurement indicates that the maximum H (E) value is 25GPa (350GPa), increased by 127.3% (59.1%). The friction and wear behaviors and rolling contact fatigue (RCF) life of these samples have also been investigated by ball-on-disc and three-ball-rod testers. Results show that the friction coefficient decrease from 0.92 to 0.2; the L10 、L50 、La and L RCF life of treated sample increases by 5.5, 2.8, 2.3 and 2.2 times, respectively. The RCF life scatter extent of treated sample is improved significantly.

A SiC-TaSi2/MoSi2 multilayer oxidation protective coating for carbon/carbon (C/C) composites was prepared by pack cementation. Effects of the content of Ta and Mo in the second-step pack powders on the microstructure and high temperature anti-oxidation property of the multi-coating were studied by XRD, SEM, EDS and isothermal oxidation test. The results show that the multi-coating prepared at the mol ratio of 1:1 of Ta and Mo has a thicker, denser structure than those at the mol ratios of 0:1, 1:3, 3:1 and 1:0, on which the stable and dense glassy SiO2 film could be formed during oxidation test. After 326h oxidation in air at 1500℃ and thermal cycling between 1500℃ and room temperature for 23 times, the weight loss of the coated specimen was only 0.97%, implying that the multi-coating prepared at the mol ratio of 1:1 of Ta and Mo has excellent oxidation protective ability and thermal shock resistance.

It is found that the plastic deformation behavior of the materials in meso-scale is different from that in macro scale, also that in micro scale. The importance of studying the high temperature deformation behavior of those materials is in that it paves the ways for basic forming discipline of microforming and developing microforming technology. Constant applied stress creep experiments at 200C of aluminum alloy thin foils with the thickness of 10～350m are carried out. The effect of the thickness and the grain size to the strain rate is studied. Subgrains are found near the grain boundary under the observation by Transaction Electronic Microscopy. The results show that using the parameter of t/d, the size effect of deforming can be better summarized. The strain rate is fast when t/d is reduced. It is found that the parameter of t/d has affected to the stress exponent. An equation is obtained to correlate the strain rate with t/d. The relationship between the stress exponent and t/d simulated by the equation is perfectly correspondent to the experimental data.

Electrical conductivity is a key factor for determining the variables during electrodeposition process. In this study, several electrolytes based on Watts bath have been measured by comparing electrochemical polarization and throwing power, and the morphology of Ni deposit has also been analyzed. The results showed that high value of electrical conductivity multiplying polarizability is of great importance for enhancing the throwing power of electrolyte, and the morphology of Ni deposit is mainly dominated by electrochemical factor.

Potentiodynamic anodic polarization, electrochemical impendence spectroscopy and Mott－Schottky plot were used to study the effect of passive potentials and chloride ion concentrations on the corrosion behavior of reinforcing steel in simulated concrete pore solutions. The results indicated that the compact passive films were formed on the reinforcing steel surface at different passive potentias from -0.200V to 0.200V vs SCE for 4800s, the superficial donor densities decreased with the potential while the deep donor densities increased with the potential, and the charge transfer resistance of the film reached the highest value at the passive potential 0.200V. Immersed in simulated concrete pore solutions with chloride ion concentration 0.01～0.08mol/L and pH12.50 for 24h, the passive film still behaved as n-type semiconductor, only one type of donor appeared from the Mott－Schottky plot, and the deep donor densities decreased with chloride ion concentrations.

The electronic structures and formation enthalpy of alloys Zr4Mn8-xCox（x=0, 2, 3）and hydrides are investigated using Plane-wave pseudo-potential method based on density function theory. Calculated and experimental trends of cell parameters and formation enthalpy are consistent with increasing Co content. The density of states of Zr 4d band at Fermi level and interactions of H—Zr(2) and H—Mn(6h) play a dominant role in stability of hydrides. We find that the changes of cell volume and interactions among 6h sites atoms with increasing Co content are important factors to affect platform pressure of alloys.

In addition to the resistivity (ρ) and the specular reflection coefficient (P), interface roughening of Ni/Al nanomultilayers deposited by magnetron sputtering as a function of the number of bilayers (n), Ni:Al modulated ratio (R) and modulated period (L) have been characterized by Fuchs-Sondheimer(FS)- Mayadas-Shatzkes (MS) model. The results show that resistivity of multilayers was independent of the number of bilayers. With decreasing of R and L, the resistivity increased and the specular reflection coefficient decreased. The observed scale dependence of the specular reflection coefficient reflected the size effect in the interface roughening of metal nanomultilayers. Due to the nonsymmetrical interdiffusion behavior, the mutual promotion effect in the interfaces only displayed at the lower R and smaller L. Once the length scale was upon a critical value, this effect turned to be weakened and the interfacial diffusion became invisible.

Fe81Ga19 magnetostrictive alloy rods were prepared by quenching from melt into the GaIn cooling media. The optical microscopy results showed that fine columnar crystalline distributing in the transverse and longitudinal sections of Fe81Ga19 rod. The [110] texture along the rod was detected from X-ray pole figure. Combining thermal analysis (DSC、TG) and x-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), it could be determined that the alloy was mainly comprised of a disordered bcc A2 phase, which kept the same after heat treatment. A magnetic transition was monitored at about 690℃ for both the as-solidified and heat treated samples, consistent with the curie temperature of A2 phase. The saturation magnetostriction reached 66ppm without a pre-stress. The enhanced magnetostriction was obviously observed under a pre-stress. Magnetostriction rose with the increasing compressive stress in the experimental range from 10MPa to 50MPa. The saturation magnetostriction achieved up to 115ppm under a 50MPa compressive pre-stress.

The LaFe11.9-xCoxSi1.1B0.2 (x=0.7, 0.8, 0.9) compounds were prepared by arc melting. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the phases of LaFe11.9-xCoxSi1.1B0.2 (x=0.7, 0.8, 0.9) compounds mainly consist of the NaZn13-type cubic structure phase and a small amount of the a-Fe phase. The space group is Fm-3c. It is found that the lattice parameters and the lattice volumes have slightly increase with increasing x. the lattice parameters are found to be 11.487,11.496 and 11.498 Å and the lattice volume is found to be 1515.9,1519.4 and 1519.9 Å3 for x=0.7, 0.8 and 0.9. The magnetic measurement shows that the Curie temperature of the compounds have slightly increased with increasing Co and near the room temperature, 270, 290 and 300 K for x=0.7, 0.8 and 0.9. The maximum values of the magnetic entropy change of LaFe11.9-xCoxSi1.1B0.2 compounds are 7.47, 5.93 and 5.90 Jkg-1K-1 for x=0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 for a field change from 0 to 1.5 T. It markedly exceeds that of pure Gd at the corresponding applied field. The relative cooling power (RCP) based on the magnetic entropy change is as large as that of pure Gd at the corresponding applied field.

Electromagnetic stirrer was fixed on intermediate zone of the nozzle to make molten steel outflow with swirling flow, reduce dashing depth of molten steel and form a up reversing flow. All of these were to get the mold powder melted, shell solidified and uniform composition in the continuous casting of special steel billet. This paper was to simulate the effect of electromagnetic stirring in submerged entry nozzle (SEN) through setting a swirl blade in SEN of the hydromechanics mode. This method used was to impart swirl to the flow. On the basic of this, the vertical velocity and horizon velocity of liquid level in the model were measured using Ultrasonic Doppler Velocity (UDV).The effectiveness of electromagnetic stirrer and analyzing technological parameter were examined. Following issues were obtained: (1) Swirling flow was in favor of flow field in mold. (2)The dashing depth can be reduced effectively. (3)The reversing flow and heat transmission of meniscus were enlarged. (4)The horizon circulating was formed so the activity of liquid level and the effectiveness of molten slag were increased.

The 0.5at% Ce doped-BaHfO3 nano-powders were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. XRD, TEM, DTA/TG were employed to analyze the phase change and the properties of nano-powders during the calcing process. The excitation and emission spectra were analyzed by the fluorescence photometer. Results show that the average diameter was about 30～50nm with good dispersibility and polygonal in shape after calcining at 1000℃ for 2h. There are two excitation bands at 332 and 392 nm, and two emission bands excited by the 332 nm light, peaking at 484 and 531nm. But there is only one emission band excited by the 392 nm light which peaking at 530 nm, which is corresponding to the 5d →2F5/2 and 5d →2F7/2 transitions of Ce3+ cation, and the excitation and emission spectra were both wide band.