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金属学报  2018, Vol. 54 Issue (5): 701-716    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00112
  金属材料的凝固专刊 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
非平衡凝固与固态相变的一体化研究
刘峰(), 张旭, 张玉兵
西北工业大学凝固技术国家重点实验室 西安 710072
Unified Analysis of Non-Equilibrium Solidification and Solid-State Phase Transformations
Feng LIU(), Xu ZHANG, Yubing ZHANG
State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
引用本文:

刘峰, 张旭, 张玉兵. 非平衡凝固与固态相变的一体化研究[J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54(5): 701-716.
Feng LIU, Xu ZHANG, Yubing ZHANG. Unified Analysis of Non-Equilibrium Solidification and Solid-State Phase Transformations[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2018, 54(5): 701-716.

全文: PDF(12757 KB)   HTML
摘要: 

无论从相变,还是从材料热加工或材料设计而言,非平衡凝固与固态相变的一体化研究均具有深远的科学意义和极大的工程应用前景。本综述系统阐述了单相固溶体合金、共晶合金、包晶合金、多组元高温合金和铝合金的非平衡凝固及其包晶反应、块体转变、亚稳-稳定相转变、沉淀析出、再结晶和晶粒长大等固态转变行为。进而从非平衡凝固影响后续固态相变、非平衡凝固导致固态相变新机制、非平衡凝固与固态相变的一体化组织调控3个层次,探讨了非平衡凝固与随后固态相变的物理关联,实现了非平衡凝固和固态相变共同作用下的微观组织控制。本综述旨在为非平衡凝固效应的定量表征以及非平衡凝固与固态相变共同作用下的组织预测提供理论支撑。

关键词 金属非平衡凝固固态相变一体化    
Abstract

Considering both phase transition and material hot-working or material design, unified analysis of non-equilibrium solidification and solid-state phase transformations has profound significance of science and great prospect of engineering application. Here, non-equilibrium solidification and solid state transformation behavior, correlated with peritectic reaction, massive transformation, metastable-stable transformation, precipitation, recrystallization and grain growth, for single phase solid solution alloy, eutectic alloy, peritectic alloy, multi-component super alloy and aluminum alloy, have been systematically reviewed. Regarding further the influence of non-equilibrium solidification on subsequent solid-state transformations, the new transformation mechanism induced by non-equilibrium solidification and the integrated microstructure regulation, the physical correlation between non-equilibrium solidification and subsequent solid-state transformations were discussed, and eventually, the microstructure control under the joint action of non-equilibrium solidification and solid phase transformations was realized. This review is expected to provide theoretical support for quantitative characterization of non-equilibrium solidification effect and microstructure prediction under the joint action of non-equilibrium solidification and solid-state transformations.

Key wordsmetal    non-equilibrium solidification    solid-state phase transformation    unified analysis
收稿日期: 2018-03-26     
ZTFLH:  TG113.12  
基金资助:资助项目 国家重点研发计划项目Nos.2017YFB0305100、2017YFB0703001,国家自然科学基金项目Nos.51431008、51790481,中央高校基本科研业务费项目No.3102017jc01002和西北工业大学凝固技术国家重点实验室自主研究课题项目No.117-TZ-2015
作者简介:

作者简介 刘 峰,男,1974年生,教授

图1  过冷度ΔT<临界过冷度ΔT *和ΔT>ΔT *时Fe-4.33%Ni包晶合金凝固再辉曲线及其凝固组织[17]
图2  Fe-4.33%Ni包晶合金δ /γ转变TTT曲线[12]
图3  Ni-Si合金非平衡凝固对退火态组织中析出相形貌的影响[23]
图4  不同过冷度下Si原子在α-Ni固溶体中的溶解度,于973 K下退火时Ni3Si析出相长大速率随时效时间变化曲线及其尺寸随时效时间的变化曲线[23]
图5  不同冷速下A356合金凝固组织经固溶处理后共晶Si颗粒形貌[25]
图6  阶梯铜模浇铸获得不同冷速下凝固试样屈服强度随固溶和时效时间变化曲线[27]
图7  不同过冷度下Ni-1.5%B合金凝固组织在1173 K下退火处理时晶粒形貌演变[28]
图8  不同过冷度下Ni-1.5%B合金凝固组织在1173 K下退火处理晶粒尺寸的演变示意图[28]
图9  镍基DD3高温合金中应力累积与熔体初始过冷度之间的定量关系[30]
图10  深过冷(ΔT=225 K)快淬下得到的凝固组织的EBSD晶粒取向图、晶界形貌、{110}面极图和晶界的错配角分布[31]
图11  深过冷(ΔT=225 K)快淬下得到的凝固组织的TEM分析[31]
图12  深过冷(ΔT=225 K)快淬下得到的凝固组织经过1273 K退火30 min的EBSD晶粒取向图、晶界形貌、反极图和晶界的错配角分布[31]
图13  超过冷Fe83B17合金及不同热处理后的XRD谱(ΔT=445 K)[34]
图14  原子参量在相转变过程中自由能的变化[34]
图15  快速凝固结合凝固后热处理获得多级组织[27]
图16  快速凝固结合后热处理工艺获得多级组织对应的拉伸性能曲线[27]
图17  不同过冷度下DD3高温合金γ'析出相的形貌及其尺寸随过冷度变化曲线[30,38]
图18  不同过冷度下DD3合金的拉伸强度和塑性[38]
图19  非平衡凝固下获得ΔT=280 K的Fe40Ni40B20三元共晶合金的凝固组织、1173 K下60 h退火后获得多层组织及不同过冷度下单相层厚度随退火时间变化曲线[42]
图20  ΔT=70 K和ΔT=250 K下铸态和退火态Fe40Ni40B20合金的应力应变曲线[42]
图21  相变驱动力/能垒间互斥与材料的强度/塑性间互斥存在关联,加工中的大驱动力大能垒对应组织的大强度大塑性
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