体心立方金属韧脆转变机制研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00400

金属学报

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (3): 335-348 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00400

综述

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体心立方金属韧脆转变机制研究进展

韩卫忠(

), 卢岩, 张雨衡

西安交通大学材料科学与工程学院金属材料强度国家重点实验室西安 710049

Mechanism of Ductile-to-Brittle Transition in Body-Centered-Cubic Metals：A Brief Review

HAN Weizhong(

), LU Yan, ZHANG Yuheng

State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China

引用本文:

韩卫忠, 卢岩, 张雨衡. 体心立方金属韧脆转变机制研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(3): 335-348.
Weizhong HAN, Yan LU, Yuheng ZHANG. Mechanism of Ductile-to-Brittle Transition in Body-Centered-Cubic Metals：A Brief Review[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(3): 335-348.

全文: PDF(2118 KB) HTML

摘要:

体心立方(bcc)金属具有高熔点、良好的高温力学性能、抗辐照、耐液态金属腐蚀等优点，被广泛应用于核反应堆、卫星、飞行器、火箭、发动机等的结构部件。然而，bcc金属普遍具有低温脆性和温度依赖的韧脆转变特性，极大地限制了其应用范围。因此，深入研究bcc金属的韧脆转变机理并发展调控策略具有重要意义。本文以bcc金属的韧脆转变现象为例，回顾了金属材料韧脆转变行为的研究历史，介绍了韧脆转变行为的最新研究进展，探讨了调控韧脆转变温度的新方法和未来的研究重点。

关键词 ：韧脆转变, 体心立方, 金属, 位错, 裂纹

Abstract：

Body-centered-cubic (bcc)-structured metals have excellent physical properties, such as high melting points, high strength and excellent creep resistance, radiation tolerance, and good compatibility with liquid metals, which are widely used in high-tech fields, such as nuclear reactors, satellites, aircraft, rockets, and engines. However, their low-temperature brittleness and ductile-to-brittle transition characteristics limit their applications. Therefore, a deep understanding of the ductile-to-brittle transition mechanism is of great significance for regulating the ductile-to-brittle transition behavior of bcc-structured metals. In this review, taking bcc-structured metals as an example, the history of the ductile-to-brittle transition investigations in bcc metals was retrospected, the main research progress on this topic was introduced, the newly developed methods to tune the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of metals was discussed, and the key points to be focused on in the future was listed.

Key words： ductile-to-brittle transition body-centered cubic metal dislocation crack

收稿日期: 2022-08-18

ZTFLH:

TG111.91

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51971170);国家自然科学基金项目(51922082);高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(BP0618008)

作者简介: 韩卫忠，男，1981年生，教授，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00400 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2023/V59/I3/335

图1 韧脆转变温度(DBTT)的测试方法[3,16,34,56]

图2 体心立方(bcc)金属螺位错核心结构[61]

图3 热激活条件下螺位错的迁移[30]

图4 通过温度与断裂概率判断韧脆转变温度的示意图[74]

图5 轧制W板在韧脆转变前后的位错结构[34]

图6 螺/刃位错相对运动速率控制韧脆转变的物理机制[16]

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