金属激光增材制造材料设计研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00026

金属学报

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (1): 1-15 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00026

综述

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

金属激光增材制造材料设计研究进展

宋波, 张金良, 章媛洁, 胡凯, 方儒轩, 姜鑫, 张莘茹, 吴祖胜, 史玉升(

)

华中科技大学材料成形与模具技术国家重点实验室武汉 430074

Research Progress of Materials Design for Metal Laser Additive Manufacturing

SONG Bo, ZHANG Jinliang, ZHANG Yuanjie, HU Kai, FANG Ruxuan, JIANG Xin, ZHANG Xinru, WU Zusheng, SHI Yusheng(

)

State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

引用本文:

宋波, 张金良, 章媛洁, 胡凯, 方儒轩, 姜鑫, 张莘茹, 吴祖胜, 史玉升. 金属激光增材制造材料设计研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(1): 1-15.
Bo SONG, Jinliang ZHANG, Yuanjie ZHANG, Kai HU, Ruxuan FANG, Xin JIANG, Xinru ZHANG, Zusheng WU, Yusheng SHI. Research Progress of Materials Design for Metal Laser Additive Manufacturing[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(1): 1-15.

全文: PDF(3014 KB) HTML

摘要:

激光增材制造被公认为是解决个性化、复杂化金属构件整体成形难题的有效技术手段。现有金属增材制造的研究主要从传统合金牌号出发，但基于平衡凝固过程设计的传统合金成分难以满足增材制造的非平衡冶金动力学特点，往往面临高裂纹敏感性、低韧低疲劳、各向异性等共性问题。因此，需要开展面向激光增材制造的新型材料成分设计研究，充分挖掘增材制造非平衡凝固特性的潜在优势与价值。本文综述了铝合金、钛合金、铁基合金、镁合金等不同材料现有合金牌号增材制造的技术瓶颈，以及面向增材制造的材料创新设计方法与新型合金及其复合材料发展的研究进展。最后提出了金属增材制造材料设计的未来发展趋势。

关键词 ：激光增材制造, 金属, 材料设计, 新材料

Abstract：

Laser additive manufacturing is widely recognized to be an effective method to form complicated and custom metallic components. The existing research on metal additive manufacturing utilizes traditional alloy grades, which are designed based on the assumption that solidification occurs at equilibrium; thus, these materials are not well suited to the nonequilibrium metallurgical dynamics that are present in additive manufacturing techniques. Common issues, such as high crack susceptibility, low toughness, and low fatigue capability, as well as anisotropy, frequently occur during the fabrication of additively manufactured metallic parts. It is therefore necessary to conduct research on the design of new materials designed specifically for laser additive manufacturing in order to fully realize the potential advantages and value of the ultrafast solidification conditions. In this article, the technical bottlenecks, material design methods, and the development of new materials that are applicable to laser additively manufactured metal materials are reviewed; these materials include aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, iron-based alloys, and magnesium alloys. Finally, the potential future direction of research related to laser metal additive manufacturing is discussed.

Key words： laser additive manufacturing metal material design new material

收稿日期: 2022-01-19

ZTFLH:

TG14

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51922044);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2021M701293);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2021M690061)

作者简介: 宋波，男，1984年生，教授，博士

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	宋波
	张金良
	章媛洁
	胡凯
	方儒轩
	姜鑫
	张莘茹
	吴祖胜
	史玉升
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链接本文:

https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00026 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2023/V59/I1/1

图1 激光增材制造(LAM)原理示意图[10]

图2 Ti改性2xxx铝合金的相图、裂纹敏感因子、生长抑制因子、反极图和晶粒尺寸分布[17]

图3 选区激光熔化(SLM)成形钛合金拉伸性能[27,28]

图4 SLM成形(TiB + TiC)/Ti复合材料微观结构演化示意图[33]

图5 LCD制备的Fe19Ni5Ti试样及其拉伸测试[38]

图6 SLM成形不锈钢和铁基非晶/不锈钢材料微观组织及腐蚀性能[39,40]

图7 表面氧化物形成示意图[76]

图8 NbMoTaX合金的凝固路径和裂纹敏感性指数[88]

图9 非晶合金的连续冷却转变曲线示意图及制备的铁基非晶合金结构[101]

图10 SLM成形铁基非晶复合材料的力学性能[102]

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