金属材料的晶界塑性变形机制

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00594

金属学报

2022, Vol. 58

Issue (6): 726-745 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00594

综述

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

金属材料的晶界塑性变形机制

王江伟(

), 陈映彬, 祝祺, 洪哲, 张泽

浙江大学材料科学与工程学院硅材料国家重点实验室电子显微镜中心杭州 310027

Grain Boundary Dominated Plasticity in Metallic Materials

WANG Jiangwei(

), CHEN Yingbin, ZHU Qi, HONG Zhe, ZHANG Ze

Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

引用本文:

王江伟, 陈映彬, 祝祺, 洪哲, 张泽. 金属材料的晶界塑性变形机制[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(6): 726-745.
Jiangwei WANG, Yingbin CHEN, Qi ZHU, Zhe HONG, Ze ZHANG. Grain Boundary Dominated Plasticity in Metallic Materials[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(6): 726-745.

全文: PDF(4873 KB) HTML

摘要:

晶界是多晶材料中一类重要的面缺陷,在材料的力学和物理化学性能调控中发挥着重要作用。深入理解晶界的塑性变形动力学机制是开展材料晶界工程调控的理论基础。本文从晶界的微观结构和晶界本征缺陷出发,详细总结晶界塑性变形机制的研究进展；在此基础上,围绕晶界阶错形核、扩展、交互作用的动力学机制,深入探讨晶界迁移的原子尺度动力学机制及其在不同因素下的表现形式,阐明不同晶界变形行为之间的关联关系,发展和完善晶界塑性变形理论,为金属材料的晶界工程调控提供理论指导。

关键词 ：金属材料, 晶界, 晶界动力学, 晶界阶错, 晶界迁移

Abstract：

Grain boundaries (GBs) are important planar defects in polycrystalline materials, and they are crucial in plastic deformation and recrystallization of materials. A fundamental understanding of GB deformation kinetics is critical for material design using GB engineering. Although GB dominated structural evolutions have been reported to proceed via different modes, the disconnection-based model has recently become a widely acknowledged approach to unify the GB dominated plasticity. In this paper, recent progresses of GB dominated plasticity in metallic materials based on disconnection-mediated GB migration have been reviewed. Disconnection dynamics, including nucleation, propagation and interactions between different disconnections, were found dominating the shear-coupled GB migration. Lateral motion of different GB disconnections contributes to the overall GB migration, during which dynamic interactions prevail. In the three-dimensional network of GBs, GB-defect interaction and triple junctions can further influence the shear-coupled GB migration by providing extra disconnection sources, which readily change the intrinsic disconnection dynamics. These disconnection-based GB kinetics are generally applicable in the migration of GBs with different structures, as well as other modes of GB dominated deformation. Based on the aforementioned, the effects of GB plasticity on mechanical properties and deformation of metallic materials are further discussed. This review provides a unified understanding of disconnection-based GB plasticity, which not only enriches mechanistic understanding of interface plasticity in metallic materials but also holds important implications for GB engineering toward advanced high-performance metallic materials.

Key words： metallic material grain boundary grain boundary kinetic grain boundary disconnection grain boundary migration

收稿日期: 2021-12-23

ZTFLH:

TG14

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51771172);国家自然科学基金项目(52071284)

作者简介: 王江伟,男,1984年生,研究员,博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00594 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2022/V58/I6/726

图1 晶界的宏观几何自由度示意图

图2 晶界模型与阶错几何结构示意图[7,11,15]

图3 晶界变形与金属材料性能之间的关系[19]

图4 晶界变形行为的实验研究[30,31,36,54,55]

图5 fcc金属双晶中Σ11(113)晶界迁移的阶错机制[61,62]

图6 倾转晶界迁移的理论模型[34,38,67,70]

图7 晶界阶错的原子尺度动力学行为[7,28]

图8 晶界与晶格缺陷的交互作用[86,87]

图9 块体金属材料中不同晶界的疲劳开裂模式[98,99]

图10 晶界结构和曲率对晶界塑性变形的影响[116,118]

图11 晶界协调变形机制[65,125,130,131]

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