电子束熔丝沉积快速成形2319铝合金的微观组织与力学性能

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00052

金属学报

2018, Vol. 54

Issue (12): 1725-1734 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00052

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

电子束熔丝沉积快速成形2319铝合金的微观组织与力学性能

于菁^1,², 王继杰², 倪丁瑞¹(

), 肖伯律¹, 马宗义¹, 潘兴龙³

1 中国科学院金属研究所沈阳 110016
2 沈阳航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110036
3 桂林狮达机电技术工程有限公司桂林 541004

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Additive Manufactured 2319 Alloy by Electron BeamFreeform Fabrication

Jing YU^1,², Jijie WANG², Dingrui NI¹(

), Bolv XIAO¹, Zongyi MA¹, Xinglong PAN³

1 Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
2 College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110036, China
3 Guilin THD Mech. & Elec. Engineering Co. Ltd., Guilin 541004, China;

引用本文:

于菁, 王继杰, 倪丁瑞, 肖伯律, 马宗义, 潘兴龙. 电子束熔丝沉积快速成形2319铝合金的微观组织与力学性能[J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54(12): 1725-1734.
Jing YU, Jijie WANG, Dingrui NI, Bolv XIAO, Zongyi MA, Xinglong PAN. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Additive Manufactured 2319 Alloy by Electron BeamFreeform Fabrication[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2018, 54(12): 1725-1734.

全文: PDF(10373 KB) HTML

摘要:

选用直径2 mm的2319铝合金丝材进行电子束熔丝沉积快速成形,制备出尺寸为150 mm×35 mm×52 mm的打印样品。研究了样品在不同方向上的微观组织与力学性能。结果表明,通过控制电子束增材制造的参数,可获得致密无宏观缺陷的块体材料,其致密度可达到99.3%。打印态2319铝合金的平均晶粒尺寸小于10 μm,并含有初晶Al₂Cu相、细小析出相和粗大杂质相。样品中存在少量的微小孔洞,其尺寸为5~15 μm。样品在长、宽、高3个方向的拉伸强度分别约为161、174和167 MPa。经T6处理后,粗大相基本熔解,析出尺寸更细小、分布更均匀的沉淀强化相,孔洞尺寸有所增大。由于沉淀强化起了主导作用,T6处理后样品力学性能显著提高,3个方向的拉伸强度分别提高到约423、495和421 MPa。

关键词 ：铝合金, 增材制造, 电子束熔丝沉积快速成形, 微观组织, 力学性能

Abstract：

Aluminum alloys have the advantages of light weight and high strength, and they are important structural materials in aerospace field. The additive manufacturing technology of aluminum alloys has a potential application prospect in the field of on-orbit manufacturing in the future, and the technology of electron beam fuse deposition is the best process selection due to its unique technical advantages. In the present study, 2319 aluminum alloy wires with diameter of 2 mm were used for additive manufacturing (AM) by electron beam freeform fabrication (EBF³), with a sample of 150 mm×35 mm×52 mm being printed. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the printed sample in three directions were investigated. The results showed that bulk materials of the 2319 alloy can be printed without macroscopic defects under selective EBF³ parameters, with a relative density of 99.3% compared to the initial wires. The average grain size of the printed sample was less than 10 μm, containing primary Al₂Cu phases, fine particles, and coarse impurity phases. There are some tiny voids in the printed sample, and the sizes of the voids are 5~15 μm. The ultimate tensile strengths of the printed sample were 161, 174 and 167 MPa in the length, width and height directions. After a T6 treatment, the coarse phase were basically dissolved and some finer phases were re-precipitated. Due to the dominant effect of dispersion strengthening, the mechanical properties of the sample were significantly improved, and the ultimate tensile strengths of the sample in three directions were increased to 423, 495, and 421 MPa, respectively.

Key words： Al alloy additive manufacturing (AM) electron beam freeform fabrication (EBF³) microstructure mechanical property

收稿日期: 2018-02-05

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

基金资助:载人航天预先研究项目No.030302

作者简介:

作者简介于菁,男,1993年生,硕士生

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	于菁
	王继杰
	倪丁瑞
	肖伯律
	马宗义
	潘兴龙
44.8K

链接本文:

https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00052 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2018/V54/I12/1725

图1 电子束熔丝沉积快速成形2319铝合金样品宏观形貌

图2 打印态与T6态2319铝合金在长度和高度方向的OM像

图3 打印态与T6态2319铝合金的XRD谱

图4 打印态2319铝合金的TEM像

图5 T6态2319铝合金的TEM像

图6 打印态与T6态2319铝合金在长度和高度上的孔洞分布

表1 原始2319丝材与打印态、T6态块体样品的密度与致密度

表2 打印态与T6态2319铝合金在不同方向的拉伸性能

图7 打印态与T6态2319铝合金在宽度和高度方向的拉伸断口形貌

[1]	Gao W, Zhang Y B, Ramanujan D, et al.The status, challenges, and future of additive manufacturing in engineering[J]. Comput.-Aided Des., 2015, 69: 65
[2]	Zeltmann S E, Gupta N, Tsoutsos N G, et al.Manufacturing and security challenges in 3D printing[J]. JOM, 2016, 68: 1872
[3]	Bourell D, Kruth J P, Leu M, et al.Materials for additive manufacturing[J]. CIRP Ann., 2017, 66: 659
[4]	Herzog D, Seyda V, Wycisk E, et al.Additive manufacturing of metals[J]. Acta Mater., 2016, 117: 371
[5]	Zhang X J, Tang S Y, Zhao H Y, et al.Research status and key technologies of 3D printing[J]. J. Mater. Eng., 2016, 44(2): 122(张学军, 唐思熠, 肇恒跃等. 3D打印技术研究现状和关键技术[J]. 材料工程, 2016, 44(2): 122)
[6]	Yang P H, Gao X X, Liang J, et al.Development tread and NDT progress of metal additive manufacture technique[J]. J. Mater. Eng., 2017, 45(9): 13(杨平华, 高祥熙, 梁菁等. 金属增材制造技术发展动向及无损检测研究进展[J]. 材料工程, 2017, 45(9): 13)
[7]	Liang J J, Yang Y H, Jin T, et al.Research status of 3D printing technology for metals in space[J]. Manned Spaceflight, 2017, 23: 663(梁静静, 杨彦红, 金涛等. 金属材料空间3D打印技术研究现状[J]. 载人航天, 2017, 23: 663)
[8]	Huang D, Zhu Z H, Geng H B, et al.TIG wire and arc additive manufacturing of 5A06 aluminum alloy[J]. J. Mater. Eng., 2017, 45(3): 66(黄丹, 朱志华, 耿海滨等. 5A06铝合金TIG丝材-电弧增材制造工艺[J]. 材料工程, 2017, 45(3): 66)
[9]	Basak A, Das S.Epitaxy and microstructure evolution in metal additive manufacturing[J]. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 2016, 46: 125
[10]	Zhai Y W, Galarraga H, Lados D A.Microstructure evolution, tensile properties, and fatigue damage mechanisms in Ti-6Al-4V alloys fabricated by two additive manufacturing techniques[J]. Procedia Eng., 2015, 114: 658
[11]	Babu S S, Goodridge R.Additive manufacturing[J]. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2015, 31: 881
[12]	Sames W J, List F A, Pannala S, et al.The metallurgy and processing science of metal additive manufacturing[J]. Int. Mater. Rev., 2016, 61: 315
[13]	Chen Z Y, Suo H B, Li J W.The forming character of electron beam freeform fabrication[J]. Aerospace Manuf. Technol., 2010, (1): 36(陈哲源, 锁红波, 李晋炜. 电子束熔丝沉积快速制造成型技术与组织特征[J]. 航天制造技术, 2010, (1): 36)
[14]	Brice C A, Henn D S.Rapid prototyping and freeform fabrication via electron beam welding deposition [A]. Proceedings of International Institute of Welding Conference[C]. Copenhagen, Denmark, 2002
[15]	Huang Z T, Gong S L, Suo H B, et al.Microstructure and properties of TC4 titanium alloy manufactured by electron beam rapid manufacturing[J]. Titanium Ind. Prog., 2016, 33(5): 33(黄志涛, 巩水利, 锁红波等. 电子束熔丝成形的TC4钛合金的组织与性能研究[J]. 钛工业进展, 2016, 33(5): 33)
[16]	Yang Y, Suo H B, Chen Z Y, et al.Effect of solution temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of TC17 alloy fabricated by electron beam wire deposition[J]. Heat Treat. Met., 2016, 41(9): 141(杨洋, 锁红波, 陈哲源等. 固溶温度对电子束熔丝成形TC17合金组织与性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2016, 41(9): 141)
[17]	Brandl E, Michailov V, Viehweger B, et al.Deposition of Ti-6Al-4V using laser and wire, part I: Microstructural properties of single beads[J]. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2011, 206: 1120
[18]	Bush R W, Brice C A.Elevated temperature characterization of electron beam freeform fabricated Ti-6Al-4V and dispersion strengthened Ti-8Al-1Er[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2012, A554: 12
[19]	Read N, Wang W, Essa K, et al.Selective laser melting of AlSi10Mg alloy: Process optimisation and mechanical properties development[J]. Mater. Des., 2015, 65: 417
[20]	Brandl E, Heckenberger U, Holzinger V, et al.Additive manufactured AlSi10Mg samples using Selective Laser Melting (SLM): Microstructure, high cycle fatigue, and fracture behavior[J]. Mater. Des., 2012, 34: 159
[21]	Krishnan M, Atzeni E, Canali R, et al.On the effect of process parameters on properties of AlSi10Mg parts produced by DMLS[J]. Rapid Prototyping J., 2014, 20: 449.
[22]	Yang Z Y, Zhao J Y.Additive Manufacturing and 3D Print Technology & Application [M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2017: 1(杨占尧, 赵敬云. 增材制造与3D打印技术及应用 [M]. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2017: 1)
[23]	Taminger K M B, Hafley R A. Characterization of 2219 aluminum produced by electron beam freeform fabrication [A]. Proceedings of the 13th Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium[C]. Austin, TX: NASA, 2002: 482
[24]	Taminger K M B, Hafley R A. Electron beam freeform fabrication: A rapid metal deposition process [A]. Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Automotive Composites Conference[C]. Troy, Michigan: NASA, 2003: 1
[25]	Domack M S, Taminger K M B, Begley M. Metallurgical mechanisms controlling mechanical properties of aluminium alloy 2219 produced by electron beam freeform fabrication[J]. Mater. Sci. Forum, 2006, 519-521: 1291
[26]	Taminger K M, Hafley R A.Electron beam freeform fabrication for cost effective near-net shape manufacturing [A]. NATO/RTO AVT-139 Specialists' Meeting on Cost Effective Manufacture via Net Shape Processing[C]. Amsterdam: NASA, 2006: 1
[27]	Taminger K M, Hafley R A, Domack M S. Evolution and control of2219 aluminium microstructural features through electron beam freeform fabrication[J]. Mater. Sci. Forum, 2006, 519-521: 1297
[28]	Cai Y.Research on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2219 aluminum alloy sheet during stretch forming [D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2012(蔡洋. 2219铝合金板材拉形过程微观组织和力学性能研究 [D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2012)
[29]	Brice C, Shenoy R, Kral M, et al.Precipitation behavior of aluminum alloy 2139 fabricated using additive manufacturing[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2015, A648: 9
[30]	Wan S X.The effects of hot extrusion and aging process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2219 aluminum alloy [D]. Harbin: Harbin University of Science and Technology, 2016(万升祥. 热挤压时效工艺对2219铝合金微观组织及力学性能的影响 [D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨理工大学, 2016)
[31]	Cui Z Q, Liu B X.Metallurgy and Heat Treatment Theory [M]. 3rd Ed., Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology Press, 2007: 1(崔忠圻, 刘北兴. 金属学与热处理原理 [M]. 第3版, 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2007: 1)
[32]	Sun R J, Zhu Y, Li L H, et al.Effect of laser shock peening on microstructure and residual stress of wire-arc additive manufactured 2319 aluminum alloy[J]. Laser Optoelectron. Prog., 2018, 55: 011412(孙汝剑, 朱颖, 李刘合等. 激光冲击强化对电弧增材2319铝合金微观组织及残余应力的影响[J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 2018, 55: 011412)
[33]	Tomus D, Qian M, Brice C A, et al.Electron beam processing of Al-2Sc alloy for enhanced precipitation hardening[J]. Scr. Mater., 2010, 63: 151
[34]	Brice C A, Dennis N.Cooling rate determination in additively manufactured aluminum alloy 2219[J]. Metall. Mater. Soc. Trans., 2015, 46A: 2304
[35]	Cong B Q, Ding J L, Williams S.Effect of arc mode in cold metal transfer process on porosity of additively manufactured Al-6.3%Cu alloy[J]. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2015, 76: 1595
[36]	Gu J L, Ding J L, Williams S W, et al.The strengthening effect of inter-layer cold working and post-deposition heat treatment on the additively manufactured Al-6.3Cu alloy[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2016, A651: 18
[37]	Gu J L, Ding J L, Williams S W, et al.The effect of inter-layer cold working and post-deposition heat treatment on porosity in additively manufactured aluminum alloys[J]. J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2016, 230: 26
[38]	Sun J B, Wang S H, Sun G, et al.Microstructures and mechanical properties of 2219-T852 aluminum alloy forgings[J]. Heat Treat. Met., 2017, 42(2): 83(孙进宝, 王少华, 孙刚等. 2219-T852铝合金锻件的显微组织与力学性能[J]. 金属热处理, 2017, 42(2): 83)

[1]	宫声凯, 刘原, 耿粒伦, 茹毅, 赵文月, 裴延玲, 李树索. 涂层/高温合金界面行为及调控研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(9): 1097-1108.
[2]	张雷雷, 陈晶阳, 汤鑫, 肖程波, 张明军, 杨卿. K439B铸造高温合金800℃长期时效组织与性能演变[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(9): 1253-1264.
[3]	卢楠楠, 郭以沫, 杨树林, 梁静静, 周亦胄, 孙晓峰, 李金国. 激光增材修复单晶高温合金的热裂纹形成机制[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(9): 1243-1252.
[4]	张健, 王莉, 谢光, 王栋, 申健, 卢玉章, 黄亚奇, 李亚微. 镍基单晶高温合金的研发进展[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(9): 1109-1124.
[5]	郑亮, 张强, 李周, 张国庆. 增/降氧过程对高温合金粉末表面特性和合金性能的影响：粉末存储到脱气处理[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(9): 1265-1278.
[6]	李景仁, 谢东升, 张栋栋, 谢红波, 潘虎成, 任玉平, 秦高梧. 新型低合金化高强Mg-0.2Ce-0.2Ca合金挤压过程中的组织演变机理[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(8): 1087-1096.
[7]	穆亚航, 张雪, 陈梓名, 孙晓峰, 梁静静, 李金国, 周亦胄. 基于热力学计算与机器学习的增材制造镍基高温合金裂纹敏感性预测模型[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(8): 1075-1086.
[8]	刘兴军, 魏振帮, 卢勇, 韩佳甲, 施荣沛, 王翠萍. 新型钴基与Nb-Si基高温合金扩散动力学研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(8): 969-985.
[9]	陈礼清, 李兴, 赵阳, 王帅, 冯阳. 结构功能一体化高锰减振钢研究发展概况[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(8): 1015-1026.
[10]	丁桦, 张宇, 蔡明晖, 唐正友. 奥氏体基Fe-Mn-Al-C轻质钢的研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(8): 1027-1041.
[11]	袁江淮, 王振玉, 马冠水, 周广学, 程晓英, 汪爱英. Cr₂AlC涂层相结构演变对力学性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(7): 961-968.
[12]	王宗谱, 王卫国, Rohrer Gregory S, 陈松, 洪丽华, 林燕, 冯小铮, 任帅, 周邦新. 不同温度轧制Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金再结晶后的{111}/{111}近奇异晶界[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(7): 947-960.
[13]	吴东江, 刘德华, 张子傲, 张逸伦, 牛方勇, 马广义. 电弧增材制造2024铝合金的微观组织与力学性能[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(6): 767-776.
[14]	冯艾寒, 陈强, 王剑, 王皞, 曲寿江, 陈道伦. 低密度Ti₂AlNb基合金热轧板微观组织的热稳定性[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(6): 777-786.
[15]	王长胜, 付华栋, 张洪涛, 谢建新. 冷轧变形对高性能Cu-Ni-Si合金组织性能与析出行为的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(5): 585-598.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed