电弧增材制造<strong>2024</strong>铝合金的微观组织与力学性能

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00314

金属学报

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (6): 767-776 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00314

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

电弧增材制造2024铝合金的微观组织与力学性能

吴东江, 刘德华, 张子傲, 张逸伦, 牛方勇, 马广义(

)

大连理工大学高性能精密制造全国重点实验室大连 116024

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2024 Aluminum Alloy Prepared by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

WU Dongjiang, LIU Dehua, ZHANG Ziao, ZHANG Yilun, NIU Fangyong, MA Guangyi(

)

State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China

引用本文:

吴东江, 刘德华, 张子傲, 张逸伦, 牛方勇, 马广义. 电弧增材制造2024铝合金的微观组织与力学性能[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(6): 767-776.
Dongjiang WU, Dehua LIU, Ziao ZHANG, Yilun ZHANG, Fangyong NIU, Guangyi MA. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2024 Aluminum Alloy Prepared by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(6): 767-776.

全文: PDF(4014 KB) HTML

摘要:

采用电弧增材制造工艺制备了三元Al-Cu-Mg (2024)铝合金成形试样，并对试样的晶粒形貌、物相组成、元素分布与力学性能进行研究。结果表明，2024铝合金成形试样宏观上表现出层状特征，单一沉积层可以分为层间区域与层中区域2部分，晶粒形貌由层中区域的等轴晶转变为层间区域的柱状晶；成形试样微观组织主要包括α-Al、θ-Al₂Cu与S-Al₂CuMg相；由于增材制造非平衡凝固过程，成形试样出现元素偏析，层中区域Mg元素在Al基体中均匀分布；电弧重熔作用下，层间区域元素偏析严重，Cu元素以共晶组织的形式在晶界偏析，Mg元素出现局部富集；成形试样的平均抗拉强度、屈服强度与断后伸长率分别为(323.5 ± 6.6) MPa、(178.7 ± 6.2) MPa和(9.03 ± 0.67)%，高于铸造退火态2024铝合金的力学性能；由于微观组织的不同，层中区域与层间区域出现不同的裂纹扩展行为，层间区域裂纹沿着共晶组织分布路径扩展，表现为沿晶断裂，层中区域裂纹扩展模式变为穿晶断裂。

关键词 ： Al-Cu-Mg合金, 电弧增材制造, 显微组织, 力学性能

Abstract：

Owing to its outstanding advantages, such as low specific gravity, high specific strength, and good machinability, 2024 aluminum alloy has been used as various load components in the aerospace field and has become an important lightweight material. The properties of the 2024 aluminum alloy are highly correlated with its microstructures. Accordingly, in this study, 2024 aluminum alloy deposited specimens were fabricated using wire arc additive manufacturing. Further, the microstructures and mechanical properties of the deposited specimens were investigated in different regions. The layered characteristics could be observed macroscopically in the deposited specimens, and a single deposition layer was divided into two regions: interlayer and innerlayer. The grain morphology changed from equiaxed grains in the innerlayer region to columnar grains in the interlayer region. The deposited specimens mainly included α-Al, θ-Al₂Cu, and S-Al₂CuMg phases. In the nonequilibrium solidification process of additive manufacturing, the deposited specimens presented element segregation. The distribution of Mg in the Al matrix was uniform for the innerlayer region. However, Cu was segregated as eutectics at the grain boundary in the interlayer region. The average tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of deposited specimens were (323.5 ± 6.6) MPa, (178.7 ± 6.2) MPa, and (9.03 ± 0.67)%, respectively, which were higher than those of cast annealing 2024 aluminum alloy. Owing to the difference in the microstructure, the innerlayer and interlayer regions showed different crack propagation behavior. The cracks in the interlayer region propagated along the distribution path of eutectics, showing intergranular fracture, and the crack propagation mode in the innerlayer region changed to transgranular fracture.

Key words： Al-Cu-Mg alloy wire arc additive manufacturing microstructure mechanical property

收稿日期: 2021-07-30

ZTFLH:

TG40

基金资助:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(DUT21YG116)

通讯作者: 马广义，gyma@dlut.edu.cn，主要从事激光增材制造、激光精密加工技术与装备研究

Corresponding author: MA Guangyi, professor, Tel:(0411)84707625, E-mail: gyma@dlut.edu.cn

作者简介: 吴东江，男，1964年生，教授，博士

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表1 2024铝合金焊丝和电弧增材制造(WAAM)成形件的化学成分 (mass fraction / %)

图1 WAAM 2024铝合金沉积过程示意图和拉伸试样尺寸示意图

图2 2024铝合金WAAM成形试样不同位置的组织形貌(a) macromorphology (b) microstructure of innerlayer region and interlayer region(c, d) enlarged views of region I (c) and II (d), respectively

图3 2024铝合金WAAM成形试样的EBSD分析(a) EBSD image of microstructure (BD—building direction, SD—scanning direction, TD—transverse direction)(b) distribution of grain size (c) distribution of grain boundary misorientation(d) pole figures (e) inverse pole figures (IPFs)

图4 Al-Cu-Mg合金凝固路径及2024铝合金丝材与WAAM成形试样的XRD谱

图5 2024铝合金WAAM成形试样SEM分析

图6 WAAM成形2024铝合金试样层中区域和层间区域的SEM像(a) innerlayer region (b) interlayer region

图7 2024铝合金WAAM成形试样面扫描元素分布

图8 2024铝合金WAAM成形试样和单一沉积层的显微硬度分布

图9 2024铝合金WAAM成形试样室温拉伸曲线和不同方式制备2024铝合金的力学性能比较

图10 2024铝合金WAAM成形试样拉伸断口形貌的SEM像、层间区域SEM像和EDS、层中区域SEM像与EDS

图11 2024铝合金WAAM成形拉伸试样断口裂纹扩展(a) cross section of fracture (b) image of interlayer region (c) image of innerlayer region

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