多维度碳纳米相增强铝基复合材料研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00456

金属学报

2019, Vol. 55

Issue (1): 1-15 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00456

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

多维度碳纳米相增强铝基复合材料研究进展

赵乃勤(

), 刘兴海, 蒲博闻

天津大学材料科学与工程学院天津 300350

Progress on Multi-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites: A Review

Naiqin ZHAO(

), Xinghai LIU, Bowen PU

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China

引用本文:

赵乃勤, 刘兴海, 蒲博闻. 多维度碳纳米相增强铝基复合材料研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(1): 1-15.
Naiqin ZHAO, Xinghai LIU, Bowen PU. Progress on Multi-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites: A Review[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2019, 55(1): 1-15.

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摘要:

以铝基复合材料为代表的金属基复合材料,具有高的比强度、比模量及优异的导热、导电性能,在航空航天、汽车制造、机械电子及其它民用领域具有广泛的应用前景。近年来,碳纳米相作为复合材料的增强体凭借其优异的力学性能和物理性能以及自身结构特点,引起人们极大关注而成为铝基复合材料研究领域的新热点。本文从不同维度结构的碳纳米相(零维碳纳米洋葱、一维碳纳米管、二维石墨烯等)为增强相的角度,概述了这些碳纳米相增强铝基复合材料的制备方法及其在力学性能方面的研究进展,阐述了从单一相增强到多元多维度混杂增强的铝基复合材料在力学性能方面的优势,旨在阐明通过碳纳米相的结构设计和空间构筑实现高强韧性铝基复合材料的设计思路,并展望了高强韧轻金属基复合材料未来的研究趋势。

关键词 ：碳纳米材料, 铝基复合材料, 制备方法, 力学性能, 多维度

Abstract：

Metal matrix composites (MMCs), especially aluminum matrix composites (AMCs), are widely used in the applications of aerospace, automotive, mechatronics and other areas due to the advantages of high specific strength, high specific modulus, and excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. In recent years, carbon nanomaterials as the reinforcement of MMCs, have attracted great attention for their outstanding mechanical and functional properties. This review focuses on the progress on preparation methods and mechanical properties of different dimensional carbon nanomaterials (0-D carbon nano-onions, 1-D carbon nanotubes, 2-D graphene et al.) reinforced AMCs. The design ideas of aluminum matrix composites with high strength and toughness through the structural construction have been summarized ranging from single- to multi-dimensional hybrid reinforcements, and the future research trends of MMCs have been prospected.

Key words： carbon nanomaterial aluminum matrix composite preparation method mechanical property multi-dimension

收稿日期: 2018-09-28

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

基金资助:国家自然基金重点项目Nos.51531004和51472177

作者简介:

作者简介赵乃勤,女,1961年生,教授,博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00456 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2019/V55/I1/1

图1 不同制备方法获得的碳纳米洋葱(CNO)及碳纳米洋葱增强铝基(CNO/Al)复合材料的形貌、工艺路线与力学性能[13,14,16,17]

图2 碳纳米管/Al (CNT/Al)复合材料各类制备加工示意图[23,25,27,30~32]

图3 PVA改性后的Al粉通过浆料混合均匀负载CNT制备过程示意图、Al@PVA表面负载CNT吸附机制示意图、液相球磨分散CNT过程示意图及片状Al粉表面均匀负载碳纳米管的高倍SEM像[34,36]

图4 原位合成CNT-Al复合材料生长过程示意图及其形貌[39,40]

图5 氧化石墨烯-铝(GO-Al)复合材料的制备及形貌[63,65,66]

图6 原位合成Cu催化GN/Al复合材料及原位合成负载镍纳米颗粒的石墨烯纳米片(Ni-NPs@GNP)增强6061铝复合材料的工艺与形貌[67,68]

图7 传统单一维度CNP/Al复合材料强度-延伸率倒置关系曲线

图8 rGO-CNT/Al复合粉末制备过程示意图及其SEM像、工程应力-应变曲线比较,3D CNT-GN@Cu复合增强体原位制备过程示意图及其TEM像,粉末冶金模板法制备三维钢筋GN示意图(通过改变预制体形状获得螺丝形状三维钢筋GN)及其SEM像[102,113,114]

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