航天装备牵引下的铝基复合材料研究进展与展望

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00605

金属学报

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (4): 457-466 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00605

综述

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

航天装备牵引下的铝基复合材料研究进展与展望

马宗义(

), 肖伯律, 张峻凡, 朱士泽, 王东

中国科学院金属研究所师昌绪先进材料创新中心沈阳 110016

Overview of Research and Development for Aluminum Matrix Composites Driven by Aerospace Equipment Demand

MA Zongyi(

), XIAO Bolv, ZHANG Junfan, ZHU Shize, WANG Dong

Shi -changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

马宗义, 肖伯律, 张峻凡, 朱士泽, 王东. 航天装备牵引下的铝基复合材料研究进展与展望[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(4): 457-466.
Zongyi MA, Bolv XIAO, Junfan ZHANG, Shize ZHU, Dong WANG. Overview of Research and Development for Aluminum Matrix Composites Driven by Aerospace Equipment Demand[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(4): 457-466.

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摘要:

天问一号是我国第一个行星探测器，其核心祝融号火星车承担着星面巡视和探测重任，已圆满完成预定90个火星日的探测并进入拓展任务。火星车上使用了多种SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料，分别满足承载结构、运动机构、探测器结构的轻量化、耐磨损、耐冲击、尺寸稳定等苛刻服役要求，用量刷新了我国航天器铝基复合材料占比记录。本文介绍了针对火星车需求的4种铝基复合材料的研发历程，尤其是性能仿真、材料成分设计与制备加工等。在此基础上，针对未来飞行器等先进装备更苛刻服役工况对材料性能的更高要求，对低成本、高效制备和快速响应的需求，介绍了基于材料基因工程思想与大科学装置的研发新模式，展望了铝基复合材料未来的发展方向。

关键词 ：铝基复合材料, 火星车, 制备加工, 材料基因工程, 大科学装置

Abstract：

Tianwen-1 is China's first planetary probe. Its core, the rover Zhurong, undertook the task of tour and survey, and had extended the mission over the designed 90-Martian-day period limit on Mars. The rover was equipped with various silicon-carbide-particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites for its bearing structure, motion system, and detectors to meet design requirements, such as lightweight, wear resistance, impact resistance, and dimensional stability. The use of these composites has set a new record for the proportion of aluminum matrix composites used in Chinese spacecraft. This paper discusses the research and development process of the four types of aluminum matrix composites used for the rover Zhurong: property simulation, material design, preparation, and processing. Additionally, the paper introduces new research and development paradigms based on material genetic engineering and the use of synchrotron radiation or neutron scattering facilities. The future development of aluminum matrix composites for high-tech equipment is also discussed.

Key words： aluminum matrix composite Mars rover preparation and processing genetic engineering of material large-scale scientific facility

收稿日期: 2022-11-28

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB3707400)

通讯作者: 马宗义，zyma@imr.ac.cn，主要从事金属基复合材料、特种焊接与增材制造研究

Corresponding author: MA Zongyi, professor, Tel: (024)83978908, E-mail: zyma@imr.ac.cn

作者简介: 马宗义，男，1963年生，研究员，博士

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图1 典型铝基复合材料代表性体积单元(RVE)模型

图2 微米颗粒(M-AMC)及纳米颗粒铝基复合材料(N-AMC)的比强度和比模量[11~25]

图3 17%SiC/Al-1.2Mg-0.6Si复合材料在淬火后直接人工时效态和先自然时效1周后人工时效态的析出相形貌[24]

表1 不同成分及时效工艺复合材料的性能对比

图4 粉末冶金法制备的高陶瓷含量铝基复合材料大尺寸坯锭

图5 原位中子衍射实验实验装置和衍射图样[51]

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