<strong>3D</strong>打印医用钛合金多孔材料力学性能研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00566

金属学报

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (4): 478-488 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00566

综述

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

3D打印医用钛合金多孔材料力学性能研究进展

李述军(

), 侯文韬, 郝玉琳, 杨锐(

)

中国科学院金属研究所师昌绪先进材料创新中心沈阳 110016

Research Progress on the Mechanical Properties of the Biomedical Titanium Alloy Porous Structures Fabricated by 3D Printing Technique

LI Shujun(

), HOU Wentao, HAO Yulin, YANG Rui(

)

Shi -changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

李述军, 侯文韬, 郝玉琳, 杨锐. 3D打印医用钛合金多孔材料力学性能研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(4): 478-488.
Shujun LI, Wentao HOU, Yulin HAO, Rui YANG. Research Progress on the Mechanical Properties of the Biomedical Titanium Alloy Porous Structures Fabricated by 3D Printing Technique[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(4): 478-488.

全文: PDF(3411 KB) HTML

摘要:

钛合金多孔材料具有与人体骨匹配的弹性模量，可有效解决金属植入物与人体骨弹性错配；其内部存在的大量孔隙有利于周围细胞的长入和新骨的生长，从而促进骨组织形成。近年来，增材制造(3D打印)技术被用于钛合金多孔材料制备，该方法可以精确控制孔隙参数，并且克服了因金属高熔点造成的制备困难。本文综述了作者团队在3D打印医用Ti-6Al-4V、纯Ti以及低模量钛合金多孔材料组织及力学性能的研究结果。对于Ti-6Al-4V两相合金，其疲劳性能受多孔结构设计和多种后处理的影响。纯Ti多孔材料较Ti-6Al-4V更优的疲劳寿命源于其更好的塑性和形变孪晶的应变硬化效应。低模量Ti2448合金的优异疲劳寿命则源于其超弹性提高裂纹萌生寿命，高韧性提高裂纹扩展寿命。最后展望了复杂生理环境腐蚀疲劳性能、多孔材料表面生物活化处理和新型医用金属体系多孔材料等发展方向。

关键词 ：医用钛合金, 多孔材料, 增材制造, 组织, 力学性能

Abstract：

Porous titanium alloys have been used for biomedical implants owing to their low-modulus matching with that of human bones and interconnecting pores with suitable size, which facilitates bone in-growth and satisfies the requirement of a successful implant. Recently, additive manufacturing (3D printing) has emerged as an excellent technology for manufacturing porous implants with accurate designed pore parameters and overcoming processing difficulties caused by high melting temperatures of metals. In this paper, the microstructure and mechanical properties of porous Ti-6Al-4V, commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti), and low-modulus Ti2448 alloys produced by 3D printing, obtained mainly by the authors' group, are reviewed. For Ti-6Al-4V, its fatigue properties are affected by the type of mesh struts and post processing. The better fatigue life of CP-Ti compared to that of Ti-6Al-4V derives from its superior ductility and the strain hardening effect caused by deformation twins. The excellent fatigue life of the low-modulus Ti2448 alloy results from its superelasticity and the high toughness, which increases the crack nucleation life and fatigue crack propagation life, respectively. Future directions of corrosion-fatigue properties of materials in complex physiological environments, surface biological functionalization, and porous material of new metallic alloy systems are discussed.

Key words： biomedical titanium alloy porous structure additive manufacturing microstructure mechanical property

收稿日期: 2022-11-03

ZTFLH:

TG146

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51871220);国家自然科学基金项目(U2241245);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDJ-SSW-JSC031)

通讯作者: 李述军，shjli@imr.ac.cn，主要从事医用钛合金及其增材制造研究;杨锐，ryang@imr.ac.cn，主要从事先进钛合金及钛基复合材料研究

Corresponding author: LI Shujun, professor, Tel: (024)83978841, E-mail: shjli@imr.ac.cn;YANG Rui, professor, Tel: (024)23971512, E-mail: ryang@imr.ac.cn

作者简介: 李述军，男，1975年生，研究员，博士

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图1 Ti-6Al-4V合金多孔材料孔梁的OM像、XRD谱、TEM像及SAED花样[11]

图2 Ti-6Al-4V合金不同单元孔形多孔材料的弹性模量和压缩强度[13]

图3 Ti-6Al-4V合金不同孔形菱形十二面体单元结构多孔材料的应力-应变曲线，Materialize软件设计的菱形十二面体单元模型，及增加孔梁受力的弯曲分量的单元模型[13]

图4 不同密度Ti-6Al-4V合金多孔材料的最大应力-疲劳寿命(S-N)曲线及相对疲劳强度与相对密度的关系[22]

图5 梯度Ti-6Al-4V多孔材料循环变形过程中的应变累积曲线和梯度多孔材料循环变形停止在图5a中不同阶段的X射线三维成像照片[30]

图6 不同退火条件下Ti-6Al-4V多孔材料孔梁的金相组织[21]

图7 选区电子束熔化(SEBM)制备Ti-6Al-4V合金多孔材料原始态和退火态的应力-应变曲线和S-N曲线[21]

图8 直径为1.2 mm的3D打印纯Ti和Ti-6Al-4V合金圆棒的拉伸曲线，纯Ti和Ti-6Al-4V合金多孔材料压缩曲线及S-N曲线[36]

图9 SEBM制备Ti2448合金多孔材料的宏观形貌、菱形十二面体单元、孔梁的表面形貌、基体组织形貌和XRD谱[42]

图10 不同孔隙率SEBM制备Ti2448合金多孔材料的典型压缩应力-应变曲线、弹性模量和超弹性[42]

图11 SEBM制备Ti2448和Ti-6Al-4V合金多孔材料的S-N曲线、归一化S-N曲线以及弹性模量与疲劳强度的关系[42]

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