ISSN 0412-1961
CN 21-1139/TG
Started in 1956

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    , Volume 40 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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    Research Articles
    Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Healing of an Ellipsoid Crack in Copper Crystal Under Compressive Stress
    LI Ming; CHU Wuyang; GAO Kewei; SU Yanjing; QIAO Lijie
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 449-451 . 
    Abstract   PDF (7915KB) ( 1213 )
    The molecular dynamics method is used to simulate healing of an ellipsoid crack inside single crystal copper under compressive stress with EAM potential. The result shows that dislocations are emitted firstly from the ellipsoid crack and move along the (1-11) and (-111) planes under a constant compressive stress of 342 MPa. The ellipsoid crack becomes smaller and smaller until it is healed through dislocation emission, motion, and annihilation on the surfaces. After crack healing, there are a residual dislocation net and some vacancy sites. It seems that the cavity inside the ellipsoid crack is transferred to the surfaces through dislocation emission, motion, and annihilation. In the same time, the crystal undergoes large plastic deformation and the surfaces become rough because of dislocation annihilation.
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    Modeling of the Solidification Microstructure Evolution by Coupling Cellular Automaton with Macro-Transport Model
    KANG Xiuhong; DU Qiang; LI Dianzhong; LI Yiyi
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 452-456 . 
    Abstract   PDF (17550KB) ( 1437 )
    Cellular automaton (CA) was used in simulating the microstructure evolution during solidification, and finite difference method (FDM) was used in solving the conservation equations for heat transfer, solute transfer and momentum transfer which govern the macro--transport phenomena during solidification. Coupling of CA with FDM (CA--FDM) could predict the microstructure evolution under varied solidification conditions, including the length of the columnar grains and the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET). It was found that the ratio of nucleation rate and growth rate is essential to the morphology formation and CET. To maximize the number of the simulated cells, the virtual memory allocation technique was adopted.
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    A Modified Monte Carlo Method in Grain Growth Simulation
    ZHANG Jixiang; GUAN Xiaojun; SUN Sheng
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 457-461 . 
    Abstract   PDF (6071KB) ( 1619 )
    In order to improve present Monte Carlo methods, method changing the node to optimistical orientation corresponding to the system having the lowest energy was proposed, which ensures the grain boundary moving to its curvature center. The new method avoided re-nucleation, and increased simulation efficiency, and made the simulation process more approaching the physics foundation of grain growth. The results show that the grain growth exponent, n=0.478, is close to its theoretic value, and the topological structure accorded with the normal grain growth of the real material.
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    Dislocation Pattern in Deformation Band and Crack Nucleation in a Fatigued Copper Bicrystal with Perpendicular Grain Boundary
    LI Yong; LI Shouxin; LI Guangyi
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 462-466 . 
    Abstract   PDF (8518KB) ( 1511 )
    The dislocation pattern evolution and crack nucleation in a fatigued copper bicrystal with perpendicular grain boundary (GB) have been investigated by electron channelling contrast (ECC) technique in SEM. The observation results show that in the process from the formation of deformation band (DB) to the appearance of fatigued crack, the spacing between the wall structures in DB keeps constant. The dislocation pattern around the crack tips of transgranular and granular presents misorientation cell structure. The crack preferentially form in DB.
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    Formation and Annihilation of Persistent Slip Bands in Fatigued Copper Single Crystals
    ZHU Rong; LI Shouxin; LI Yong; LI Mingyang; CHAO Yuesheng
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 467-470 . 
    Abstract   PDF (5463KB) ( 1363 )
    In single-slip-oriented copper single crystals which were cyclically deformed under constant plastic shear strain amplitude control, the persistent slip line (PSL) was first formed in the vein dislocation structure of matrix, and then it was rather quickly transformed into persistent slip band (PSB) under consecutive cycling. During annealing for the fatigued copper single crystals with PSBs the penetrating force caused by different void densities drives dislocations motion, makes some parts of PSB thinning and finally PSBs disappeared under the mechanism of annihilation part by part. Because of gradual releasing of the strain energy in annealing process, no recrystallized grain has been observed.
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    Modification Performance of the Al-P Master Alloy for Eutectic and Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloys
    LIU Xiangfa; QIAO Jinguo; LIU Yuxian; LI Shitong; BIAN Xiufang
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 471-476 . 
    Abstract   PDF (16904KB) ( 1172 )
    A new type of Al-2.5%P master alloy has been developed, which can be used to modify eutectic and hypereutectic Al-Si alloys. The modifying performance, the P distribution inside Si phases and modification mechanisms were investigated. It has been found that the Al-P master alloy can remarkably refine primary Si grains in hypereutectic Al-Si alloy and its σb,20 ℃ and δb,20 ℃ can increase by 19.0% and 125% respectively; σb,20 ℃ and σb,300 ℃of modified eutectic Al-Si alloy can increase by 11.1% and 18.9% respectively as result of the appearance of fine primary Si grains and shorter eutectic Si crystals. AlP particles are easily found in the center of some primary Si phases in treated hypereutectic Al-Si alloy, while AlP and dissociative P are observed in Si phase in modified eutectic Al--Si alloy. It is considered that there are two modification mechanisms for eutectic Al-Si alloy, one is heterogeneous nucleation and refining of primary Si phase by AlP particles, and the other is P atoms modify the morphologies of Si phases. The modification for the hypereutectic Al-Si alloy mainly depends on heterogeneous nucleation mechanism induced by AlP particles.
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    Effect of Phosphorus on Mechanical Properties of Fine-Grained GH4133 Nickel Base Superalloy
    SUN Wenru; GUO Shouren; MENG Xiaona; LI Na; HU Zhuangqi
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 477-482 . 
    Abstract   PDF (11375KB) ( 1289 )
    Apposite phosphorus content can improve the mechanical properties of the fine-grained GH4133 nickel-base superalloy. The grain size of the alloy was refined to ASTM 8-10 grade by controlling the thermal processing and the heat treatment. The tensile specimens fail by intergranular fracture even when the phosphorus level is as high as 0.140\% (mass fraction). The yield and ultimate strengths of the refined alloy are 200 and 150 MPa higher than that of the alloy with a standard microstructure of ASTM 4-5 grain size, respectively. And the above two strengths of the alloy with 0.140% phosphorus are 100 and 50 MPa higher than those of the alloy with a industrial controlled phosphorus level, say 0.005%. The impact specimens fail by intragranular fracture when the phosphorus level is below 0.023% and the fracture toughness of the alloy is higher than 70 MJ/m2. Some parts of the fracture surface of the impact specimen with 0.140\% phosphorus exhibited intergranular fracture characteristics and the fracture toughness is lowered to about 40 MJ/m2. Phosphorus extends the rupture life of the GH4133 alloy and its optimum addition is around 0.011%. The interaction between phosphorus atmosphere and dislocations is discussed to understand the effect of phosphorus on different type of mechanical properties.
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    Formation and Precipitation Phases of Ni-Al System Intermetallic Surfacing Layers by Light Beam Heating
    ZHANG Di; SHAN Jiguo; CHEN Wuzhu; REN Jialie
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 483-488 . 
    Abstract   PDF (6549KB) ( 1160 )
    The formation and microstructure of intermetallic surfacing layers acquired by light beam heating Ni and Al mixed powder were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, SEM, EDXS and microhardness. The results show that the formation of surfacing layers is related to the heat capacity and melting point of surfacing materials. When the surfacing materials with more than 50%Al (atomic fraction) or not more than 25%Al are used, the surfacing layers with good formation can be obtained. However, too high Al content results in the decrease of the densification of surfacing layer. When the surfacing materials contain 50%--75%Al, the surfacing layers entirely consist of Ni-Al intermetallics (Al1.1Ni0.9, Al3Ni2, Al3Ni). When the surfacing material is rich in Ni (not more than 25%Al), the microstructure is composed of γ-Ni matrix and Ni3Al intermetallic. Adopting the surfacing material rich in Al (80%Al) leads to the precipitation of a lot of α-Al, and the microstructure consists of Al3Ni2 intermetallic precipitated on hypoeutectic matrix composed of the primary α-Al and the eutectic of α-Al+Al3Ni.
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    Microstructural Evolution During Superplastic Deformation in Large-Grained Single Phase Ni-48Al Intermetallics
    HU Jing; LIN Dongliang
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 489-493 . 
    Abstract   PDF (6945KB) ( 1040 )
    Superplastic deformation has been found in large-grained Ni-48Al intermetallics with grain size of 200 μm. Metallographic examination shows that the average grain size of the tested material decreases during superplastic deformation and much finer grains could be obtained after superplastic deformation. TEM and EBSD show that there are great numbers of subgrain boundaries and the proportion of subgrain and low angle boundaries increases with the increase of strain. During superplastic deformation an unstable subgrain network forms, which absorbs gliding and climbing dislocations and transforms into low and high angle grain boundaries accommodated by subgrain boundary sliding, migration and rotation. The observed superplastic phenomenon was explained by continuously dynamic recovery and recrystallization.
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    Microstructure and Superplastic Deformation Behavior of NiAl-15Cr Alloy
    GUO Jianting; ZHANG Guangye; ZHOU Jian
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 494-498 . 
    Abstract   PDF (8255KB) ( 910 )
    The microstructure and deformation behavior of high temperature tension of a directionally solidified (DS) NiAl-15Cr alloy have been investigated. The results reveal that the microstructure consists of dendritic β-NiAl phase, interdendritic γ/γ' phase and transient layer γ' phase. The alloy shows superplastic behavior when it is deformed under the conditions of temperature range of 1123--1373 K and initial strain rate range of 1.67×10 -4--1.67×10 -2 s-1. The maximum elongation of 280% with m=0.22 is obtained at 1323 K and an initial strain rate of 8.35×10 -3 s-1. The superplastic mechanism for the alloy is also discussed by the observation of the microstructures evolution during the superplastic deformation process.
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    Effect of Recrystallization on Environmental Embrittlement of a Ni3Al(Zr) Alloy
    LI Yufang; GUO Jianting; ZHOU Lanzhang; YE Hengqiang
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 499-503 . 
    Abstract   PDF (8830KB) ( 929 )
    The effects of recrystallization on room temperature tensile properties and susceptibility to test environments (air or vacuum) of a Ni3Al(Zr) alloy have been investigated. The results show that the index of susceptibility to test environment increases with increase of recrystallized degree . It is found that air reduces the fraction of ductile fracture for completely recrystallized specimens. For the partially recrystallized microstructures, the ductile fracture mode remains unchanged when test environment changed from vacuum to air. The reason has been discussed in this paper.
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    Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al-Li Alloy Friction Stir Weld
    WANG Dayong; FENG Jicai; WANG Panfeng
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 504-508 . 
    Abstract   PDF (9921KB) ( 1249 )
    Friction stir welding (FSW) for 5 mm thick Al-Li alloy rolled sheet material has been completed with a cone-shape screw thread pin. The metallurgy experiment demonstrates that the dynamic recrystallization occurs in the weld nugget zone (WNZ), fine equiaxed grains form, and a large number of segregation phases appears at grain boundaries. The microstructure in the heat--affected zone (HAZ) consists of coarse bar-shape recovery grain, and that of the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) exhibits bent band-like character, but the deformation degree at the advancing side is bigger than that at the retreating side. Microstructures in TMAZ are also recovered, and the amount of recovery grain at retreating side is more than that at advancing side. Tensile test shows that the joint strength and elongation are 345 MPa at welding rate v=40 mm/min, and 9.6% at v=60 mm/min respectively. Hardness measurement shows that the FSW joint is soften during welding, and the softened zone at advancing side is wider than that at retreating side. Fractographs confirm that the fracture of the joint is mixed mode of ductile and brittle fracture.
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    Thermodynamic Modeling for Controls of Deoxidation and Oxide Inclusions in Molten Steel
    ZHANG Xiaobing
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 509-514 . 
    Abstract   PDF (3553KB) ( 1448 )
    Component activities in CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 and CaO-MnO-Al2O3-SiO2 systems were calculated by a sub-regular solution model of a multi-component system. A thermodynamic modeling for controls of deoxidation and oxide inclusion in molten steel was developed based on these calculations, which was used for thermodynamic calculations for deoxidation, slag-melt equilibration and oxide-melt equilibration in order to control the deoxidation and compositions of oxide inclusion of steel. The results of model applications are validated with the industrial database such as the silicon deoxidation through slag-melt equilibration in LF, the calcium treatment of Al-Si killed steel and the composition of oxide inclusion formed during solidification in caster. The presented modeling can be used in deoxidation control and oxide inclusion control in steel.
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    Effects of TiC on the Conductivities of Titania Slag
    ZHONG Hexiang; WANG Shulan; ZHANG Lijun
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 515-517 . 
    Abstract   PDF (3010KB) ( 1319 )
    By an a.c. impedance technique, the effects of TiC particle on the conductivities of titania slag with composition of 24.3%CaO-23.3%SiO2-13.8%Al2O3-15.3%MgO-23.3%TiO2 were studied in the temperature range of 1723 K to 1633 K. TiC particles in the slag are charge carriers and decrease the conductivities of the slag. The slag containing 0.5%TiC has the lowest conductivity. Increasing the particle size, the conductivities increase. The rate constants and the activation energy of the crystallization reaction of CaTiO3 were calculated based on the first-order kinetic equation.
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    Effects of TiC on the Conductivities of Titania Slag
    ZHONG Hexiang; WANG Shulan; ZHANG Lijun
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 515-517 . 
    Abstract   PDF (3010KB) ( 888 )
    By an a.c. impedance technique, the effects of TiC particle on the conductivities of titania slag with composition of 24.3%CaO-23.3%SiO2-13.8%Al2O3-15.3%MgO-23.3%TiO2 were studied in the temperature range of 1723 K to 1633 K. TiC particles in the slag are charge carriers and decrease the conductivities of the slag. The slag containing 0.5%TiC has the lowest conductivity. Increasing the particle size, the conductivities increase. The rate constants and the activation energy of the crystallization reaction of CaTiO3 were calculated based on the first-order kinetic equation.
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    Superplastic Flow Behavior of Zr Base Bulk Metallic Glass in Supercooled Liquid Region
    SHEN Jun; WANG Gang; SUN Jianfei; CHEN Demin; XING Dawei; ZHOU Bide
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 518-522 . 
    Abstract   PDF (4783KB) ( 1785 )
    Isothermal tensile tests of Zr41.25Ti13.75Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5 bulk metallic glass in supercooled liquid region are carried out at four characteristic temperatures of 616 , 636, 656 and 676 K which are in the vicinity of the end temperature of glass transition. Experimental results indicate that the superplastic flow behaviors of the material, viz., the flow stress and the elongation depend strongly on the testing temperature and tensile rate. The elongation increases firstly and then decreases with increasing rate and the maximum elongation reaches 1625% at 656 K and 5 mm/min. The strain rate sensitivity exponents determined by using Backofen method are 0.25, 0.65 and 0.93 at 636 , 656 and 676 K, respectively. The free volume model is used to interpret the observed superplastic flow behavior.
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    Internal Friction of Nano--Grained Fe--25\%Ni Alloy Bulk
    WANG Hongbin; WANG Xiaoyu; ZHANG Jihua; XU Zuyao T. Y. Hsu
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 523-526 . 
    Abstract   PDF (2180KB) ( 1161 )
    The anelasticity spectrum of a nano-grained Fe-25%Ni (atomic fraction) bulk prepared by an inert gas condensation and $in~situ$ warm consolidation technique was measured in the 20--400 ℃ temperature range by means of a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). An internal friction peak accompanied with soft modulus was observed near 200 ℃. It was proved by XRD results that the peak was associated with the reverse phase transformation of stress-induced martensite. The abnormal modulus-temperature spectrum was observed and discussed.
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    Effect of Cr Content on the Sorption Performance of TiMn1.2-xCrxV0.25Fe0.05 Alloys
    YU Xuebin; CHEN Jinzhou; WU Zhu; XIA Baojia
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 527-530 . 
    Abstract   PDF (2253KB) ( 964 )
    The hydrogen absorption-desorption characteristics of TiMn1.2-xCrxV0.25Fe0.05(x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) alloys as a hydrogen storage tank were investigated. XRD results show that the lattice constants and the unit cell volume increase with increasing Cr content. The PCT results exhibit that the hydrogen sorption plateau pressure and hysteresis decrease with increasing Cr content. The change in the full width half maximum (FWHM) and c/a ratio with the change in the degree of slope present the same trend with Cr concentration, which implies that the slope behaviors in TiMn1.2-xCrxV0.25Fe0.05 system are closely correlated with the strain energy of interstitial site. In all cases, the TiMn1.0Cr0.2V0.25Fe0.05 alloy exhibits a larger hydrogen capacity, lower plateau pressure, and smaller hysteresis and slope properties, which can satisfy the demand of hydrogen storage tanks for proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
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    Hydrogen Storage Properties of Mg and Mg-Ni Films Prepared by Thermal Evaporation
    WANG Hui; OUYANG Liuzhang; ZENG Meiqin; ZHU Min
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 531-536 . 
    Abstract   PDF (10662KB) ( 941 )
    Microstructure and hydrogenation properties of Mg and Mg-Ni films fabricated by thermal evaporation method were investigated. The as deposited Mg film exhibits a preferred orientation and a typical columnar crystalline structure. The as deposited Mg-Ni film with a composition of Mg78Ni22 is composed of nanocrystalline Mg2Ni, Mg and a small amount of amorphous phase. Besides, the Mg2Ni crystallites grow with their (001) crystalline plane parallel to the substrate surface. The hydrogen absorption and desorption temperatures of pure Mg film are 593 K and 653 K, respectively and its hydriding reaction follows a nucleation and growth mechanism. Pressure-composition isotherms of Mg78Ni22 film show that its maximum hydrogen absorption capacity (mass fraction) reaches to 5.7\% and there are the lower and higher pressure plateaus corresponding to the hydriding reactions of Mg and Mg2Ni, respectively. The hydriding/dehydriding temperatures of Mg in Mg78Ni22 film decreased down to 473 K and 503 K, respectively. The improvement on the hydrogenation properties of Mg is related to the catalytic role of nanocrystalline Mg2Ni and amorphous phase.
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    Influence of Bias Voltage on Diamond-Like Carbon Film Deposited by Arc Ion Plating
    ZOU Yousheng; WANG Wei; ZHENG Jingdi; SUN Chao; HUANG Rongfang; WEN Lishi
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 537-540 . 
    Abstract   PDF (2599KB) ( 1057 )
    The microstructures of the diamond-like carbon (DLC) films deposited on Si (100) substrate by using arc ion plating (AIP) under different pulse bias voltage were characterized using Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). The results show that the ratio ID/IG decreases and sp3 bond content increases with increasing pulse bias voltage firstly, and then the ratio ID/IG increases and sp3 bond content decreases after the pulse bias voltage exceeding -200 V. The minimal ratio ID/IG is 0.70 and the content of sp3 bond is 26.7% at the bias voltage of -200 V. The hardness and modulus determined by using nanoindentation technique increase and then decrease with increasing pulse bias voltage. The hardness and modulus of the DLC films obtained at bias voltage of -200 V reaches a maximum value of 30.8 and 250.1 GPa, respectively.
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    NiCrAlY/NiAl/ZrO2-Y2O3 Thermal Barrier Coatings Obtained by Detonation Spraying
    WU Yingna; KE Peiling; SUN Chao; HUA Weigang; WANG Fuhui; WEN Lishi
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 541-545 . 
    Abstract   PDF (4541KB) ( 1180 )
    In order to improve the oxidation resistance of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), Ni-25Cr-5Al-0.5Y/Ni-50Al/ZrO2-8Y2O3 (mass fraction, %) system was deposited on the alloy M22 by detonation spray. Detonation sprayed Ni-50Al (NiAl) layer, as a diffusion barrier layer, is composed of δ-Ni2Al3, β-NiAl and NiAl3. Isothermal oxidation tests were carried at 1050, 1100 and 1150 ℃, in order to study the effect of NiAl layer on the growth mechanism of oxidation film. The results indicate that the mass gains of the triplex TBCs are obviously less than those of duplex TBCs at the above temperatures. The oxidation kinetics of triplex TBCs obeys the fourth power law at 1050 and 1100 ℃, and the parabolic law at 1150 ℃. NiAl layer can hinder the outward diffusion of elements in the bond coat and promote the formation of TGO consisted of Al2O3.
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    Mold Flux Channel Dynamic Pressure in Electromagnetic Continuous Casting
    LEI Zuosheng; REN Zhongming; YAN Yonggang; DENG Kang
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 546-550 . 
    Abstract   PDF (5020KB) ( 1425 )
    Molten metal meniscus profile and mold flux channel width are measured under high frequency magnetic field with different intensities by model experiments, then the dynamic pressure in mold flux channel is calculated during one mold oscillation period. It is found that the high frequency magnetic field can decrease the dynamic pressure greatly, which may be one possible mechanism of improving the billets surface quality by soft-contact mold electromagnetic continuous casting. According to the calculation, the mold flux channel dynamic pressure can not be decreased unlimitedly by increasing magnetic flux density, there must be a most appropriate magnetic flux density in order to get best billet surface quality.
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    Powder Coated Route for Production of SiCf / Ti Precursor Fiber
    LI Yanhua; SHI Nanlin; ZHANG Dezhi; YANG Rui
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 551-554 . 
    Abstract   PDF (3089KB) ( 1005 )
    In making SiC precursor fiber using a powder coated route, the binder, poly (methyl methacrylate) was used, and the solvent is acetone. The viscosity of the binder was tested by viscometer, and the critical concentration of the binder is 0.03 g/mL. The content of residual substance of the binder at different temperatures and pressures was test by chemical analysis. The volatility kinetics of the binder was also studied. The temperature for the binder decomposition is about 230 ℃, the velocity reaches its maximum at about 350 ℃, and the decomposition completed under 400 ℃. The decomposition and transgression velocities increase when temperature is increased under the same pressure. The transgression velocity reduces when pressure is increased at the same temperature. The process of making uniform precursor was found by a uniformity design method.
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    Plastic Strain Ratio Calculation of Metal Sheet from Low-Resolution Texture Analysis
    JIANG Qiwu; LIU Y; ong; ZHANG Jingang; LIU Rendong; ZHANG Xiaogang; ZUO Liang
    Acta Metall Sin, 2004, 40 (5): 555-560 . 
    Abstract   PDF (2829KB) ( 1062 )
    Based on the models of continues mechanics of textured polycrystals (CMTP) and Kochendőrfer in which the quadric yield function form is employed, the plastic strain ratio (R-values) of polycrystalline metal (deep-drawing IF steel sheets) is calculated by the approaches of modified maximum entropy method (MMEM) of low-resolution texture analysis and harmonic method. The computed results indicate that the MMEM of low-resolution texture analysis can predict the R values accurately.
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