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金属学报  2018, Vol. 54 Issue (11): 1683-1692    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00341
  力学性能 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
氢化空位的基本性质及其对金属力学行为的影响
孙军(), 李苏植, 丁向东, 李巨
西安交通大学金属材料强度国家重点实验室 西安 710049
Hydrogenated Vacancy: Basic Properties and Its Influence on Mechanical Behaviors of Metals
Jun SUN(), Suzhi LI, Xiangdong DING, Ju LI
State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
引用本文:

孙军, 李苏植, 丁向东, 李巨. 氢化空位的基本性质及其对金属力学行为的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54(11): 1683-1692.
Jun SUN, Suzhi LI, Xiangdong DING, Ju LI. Hydrogenated Vacancy: Basic Properties and Its Influence on Mechanical Behaviors of Metals[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2018, 54(11): 1683-1692.

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摘要: 

金属和合金材料中广泛存在着氢脆现象,即由于氢的渗入使得材料的塑性变形能力显著下降,导致材料倾向于发生脆性或准脆性断裂。尽管氢诱发材料失效的问题被研究了很多年,但微观机理一直存在着广泛争议。本文以近年来的研究结果为基础,提出了“氢化空位”的概念(即氢-空位复合体),认为其是氢致材料失效初期微观结构的最小载体。利用多尺度模拟并结合实验测试,揭示出氢化空位不同于空位的特殊性质,研究了氢环境下在塑性变形中氢化空位的产生、聚集并经过长时间演化形成纳米孔洞的过程,构建出原子尺度事件与微观失效之间的联系。该研究丰富了对氢脆微观机制的理解,同时氢化空位的概念也为揭示氢环境下的其它特殊力学行为提供了思路。

关键词 氢脆氢化空位纳米孔洞塑性变形    
Abstract

Hydrogen embrittlement, the degradation of mechanical behaviors due to the existence of hydrogen, is an industrially and environmentally critical problem in metals and alloys. Yet the fundamental mechanism(s) of embrittlement are still controversial, and the molecular-level damage events shrouded in mystery. In hydrogen embrittlement phenomena, the molecular-level agents of damage are hypothesized to be hydrogen-vacancy complex (Va+nH→VaHn), hereupon called hydrogenated vacancy. Contrary to vacancy, hydrogen-vacancy complex has good thermal stability and low diffusivity. When metals undergo plastic deformation at low homologous temperature in the presence of hydrogen, the mechanically driven out-of-equilibrium dislocation processes produce extremely high concentrations of hydrogen-vacancy complexes. Under such high concentrations, these complexes prefer to grow by absorbing additional vacancies and act as the embryos for the formation of proto nano-voids. Our work provides the insight on the microscopic mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement. Moreover, this work also helps understanding some unique mechanical behaviors induced by hydrogen.

Key wordshydrogen embrittlement    hydrogenated vacancy    nano-void    plastic deformation
收稿日期: 2018-07-20     
ZTFLH:  TB303  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目No.51621063,国家重大国际(地区)合作项目No.51320105014
作者简介:

作者简介 孙 军,男,1959年生,教授

Method VaH VaH2 VaH3 VaH4 VaH5 VaH6
MD[16] 0.603 0.603 0.425 0.346 0.217 0.158
DFT[15] 0.559 0.612 0.399 0.276 0.335 -0.019
表1  金属α-Fe中VaHn (n=1~6)的平均结合能[15,16]
图1  氢化空位、空位和氢在α-Fe中的扩散激活能[16]
图2  金属α-Fe中,4个独立的事件揭示出氢化空位与位错相互作用后仍具有良好稳定性[16]
图3  2个稳定的初始位错构型[16]
图4  不同氢浓度(CH)下,空位和氢化空位的总浓度(CV≡CVa+CVaHn)和氢化空位浓度(CVaHn)随应变(ε)的变化[16]
图5  在CH=10-2条件下,2个体系的应力-应变曲线及CV随ε的变化[16]
图6  动力学Monte Carlo模拟空位/氢化空位的聚集过程
图7  团簇动力学模拟室温下团簇尺寸分布随时间的变化[16]
图8  实验中在管线钢中观察到的氢脆现象[16]
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