高强度不锈钢的研究及发展现状

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00453

金属学报

2020, Vol. 56

Issue (4): 549-557 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00453

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高强度不锈钢的研究及发展现状

刘振宝(

),梁剑雄,苏杰,王晓辉,孙永庆,王长军,杨志勇

钢铁研究总院特殊钢研究所北京 100081

Research and Application Progress in Ultra-HighStrength Stainless Steel

LIU Zhenbao(

),LIANG Jianxiong,SU Jie,WANG Xiaohui,SUN Yongqing,WANG Changjun,YANG Zhiyong

Division of Special Steels, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China

引用本文:

刘振宝,梁剑雄,苏杰,王晓辉,孙永庆,王长军,杨志勇. 高强度不锈钢的研究及发展现状[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(4): 549-557.
Zhenbao LIU, Jianxiong LIANG, Jie SU, Xiaohui WANG, Yongqing SUN, Changjun WANG, Zhiyong YANG. Research and Application Progress in Ultra-HighStrength Stainless Steel[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2020, 56(4): 549-557.

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摘要:

高强度不锈钢作为强度、韧性及服役安全性俱佳的金属结构材料，广泛应用于航空、航天及海洋工程等领域。本文系统地梳理了高强度不锈钢的研究及发展历程，重点阐述了以析出强化和奥氏体韧化为代表的强韧化机理，及以氢致开裂和H原子扩散富集为主要因素的应力腐蚀及氢脆敏感性问题。认为高强度不锈钢的未来发展将重点关注计算模拟设计，多类型、高共格度析出相复合强化，高机械稳定性的薄膜状奥氏体韧化，综合显微组织和服役环境加深对应力腐蚀及氢脆机理的理解，从而为设计兼备超高强韧性、优良综合服役性能的高强不锈钢提供实际的理论依据。

关键词 ：超高强度不锈钢, 强韧化机理, 氢脆, 应力腐蚀, 析出相, 逆转变奥氏体

Abstract：

In the present work, the development and research on ultra-high strength stainless steels (UHSSS) have been systematically reviewed. Specifically, the focus was primarily placed on the precipitation hardening and austenite phase toughening mechanisms. And, the hydrogen-induced stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) behaviors of high-strength stainless steels were also retrospected. It is suggested that the future development of UHSSS is on the basis of computer-aided alloy designing system, strengthening via multiple high-coherency precipitates and toughening by filmy high-stability austenite phase. Besides, verification of the SCC and HE underlying mechanisms is vital to further optimizing the performance of UHSSS.

Key words： ultra-high strength stainless steel strengthening and toughening mechanism hydrogen embrittlement stress corrosion precipitate reverted austenite

收稿日期: 2019-12-27

ZTFLH:

TG142.71

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB0300104)

作者简介: 刘振宝，男，1977年生，教授，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00453 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2020/V56/I4/549

表1 典型高强度不锈钢的合金成分[13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21] (mass fraction / %)

表2 典型高强度不锈钢的力学性能[13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21]

图1 新型高强度不锈钢时效态试样APT表征结果

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