微观定向结构<strong>Cu-W</strong>复合材料的力学与电学性能

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00387

金属学报

2021, Vol. 57

Issue (8): 1009-1016 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00387

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

微观定向结构Cu-W复合材料的力学与电学性能

韩颖¹(

), 王宏双¹, 曹云东¹, 安跃军¹, 谈国旗², 李述军², 刘增乾², 张哲峰²

^1.沈阳工业大学电气工程学院沈阳 110870
^2.中国科学院金属研究所沈阳 110016

Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Cu-W Composites with Micro-Oriented Structures

HAN Ying¹(

), WANG Hongshuang¹, CAO Yundong¹, AN Yuejun¹, TAN Guoqi², LI Shujun², LIU Zengqian², ZHANG Zhefeng²

^1.School of Electrical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
^2.Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

韩颖, 王宏双, 曹云东, 安跃军, 谈国旗, 李述军, 刘增乾, 张哲峰. 微观定向结构Cu-W复合材料的力学与电学性能[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(8): 1009-1016.
Ying HAN, Hongshuang WANG, Yundong CAO, Yuejun AN, Guoqi TAN, Shujun LI, Zengqian LIU, Zhefeng ZHANG. Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Cu-W Composites with Micro-Oriented Structures[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(8): 1009-1016.

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摘要:

采用熔渗法制备了具有微观定向W片层骨架结构Cu-W复合材料，对其力学和电学性能进行了研究，并与商用Cu-W复合材料进行了对比。结果表明，W含量(质量分数)为50%~90%时，具有微观定向结构的Cu-W复合材料的压缩强度在300~1100 MPa之间。压缩强度呈现出明显的各向异性，沿平行于W片层方向的强度高于垂直于W片层方向的强度。与商用Cu-W复合材料相比，具有微观定向结构的Cu-W复合材料在沿片层方向呈现出更高的导电特性和压缩强度，这主要与复合材料中Cu、W两相的微观定向规则排列有关。该复合材料有望用作电触头材料以显著提高其使用效果，延长使用寿命，减轻构件质量并降低能源损耗。

关键词 ： Cu-W复合材料, 微观定向结构, 力学性能, 电学性能

Abstract：

Cu-W composites that combine the merits of Cu and W show good electric and heat conductivity, resistance to arc erosion, and high strength, etc., and are good candidates for electric contact materials. Until now, several methods, including the high-temperature liquid phase sintering method and the hot-pressure sintering method, have been developed to fabricate Cu-W composites. However, these methods may cause an uneven distribution of constituents in the material and a relatively low density and poor electric conductivity of the material. In this study, a Cu-W composite with micro-oriented W lamellas was prepared by the infiltration method, and the mechanical and electrical properties were investigated and compared with a commercial Cu-W composite. The results showed that the compressive strength of the studied Cu-W composite with micro-oriented W lamellas was between 300 and 1100 MPa when the W content was between 50% and 90% (mass fraction). The compressive strength of the studied composites presented obvious anisotropy, and the strength along the direction parallel to the W lamellas was higher than that perpendicular to the W lamellas. Compared with commercial Cu-W composites with disordered W frameworks, composites with micro-oriented W lamellas exhibit a higher electrical conductivity and compressive strength along the W lamellar direction, which is mainly related to the regular arrangement of the two phases of Cu and W in the composites. The studied composite is expected to be used as an electrical contact material to significantly improve the effect of electric contracts and prolong their service life while reducing the mass of the components and energy consumption.

Key words： Cu-W composite micro-oriented structure mechanical property electrical property

收稿日期: 2020-09-24

ZTFLH:

TG146.1

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51977132);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2019-MS-249);辽宁省科技重大专项项目(2019JH1/10100016)

作者简介: 韩颖，女，1979年生，副教授，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00387 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2021/V57/I8/1009

图1 电导率测量样品示意图

图2 Cu-W复合材料有限元模拟单元模型

表1 Cu、W的基本物理性能

图3 具有微观定向片层结构的W骨架和制备的Cu-W复合材料的宏观形貌(a) SEM image of sintered porous W framework with micro-oriented W lamellas(b) enlarged image of the W sheet in Fig.3a, where dense sintered necks are formed between W particles(c) macrostructure of as-fabricated Cu-W composites

图4 具有微观定向结构和商用无序骨架的Cu-W复合材料微观组织的SEM像(a, c) transverse direction (b, d) longitudinal direction

图5 具有微观定向结构和商用无序骨架的Cu-W复合材料EDS分析

图6 具有微观定向结构和商用无序骨架的Cu-W复合材料压缩强度

图7 具有微观定向结构和商用无序骨架的Cu-50%W复合材料典型压缩曲线

图8 具有微观定向结构Cu-W复合材料的有限元模型和电流密度模拟结果

图9 商用无序骨架Cu-W复合材料的有限元模型和电流密度模拟结果

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