激光熔化沉积TiB2 增强TiAl基合金涂层的组织及力学性能

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00577

金属学报

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (2): 226-236 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00577

研究论文

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激光熔化沉积TiB₂ 增强TiAl基合金涂层的组织及力学性能

王虎¹^,², 赵琳¹(

), 彭云¹(

), 蔡啸涛¹, 田志凌¹

1.钢铁研究总院焊接研究所北京 100081
2.北华航天工业学院材料工程学院廊坊 065000

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiB₂ Reinforced TiAl-Based Alloy Coatings Prepared by Laser Melting Deposition

WANG Hu¹^,², ZHAO Lin¹(

), PENG Yun¹(

), CAI Xiaotao¹, TIAN Zhiling¹

1.Welding Research Institute, Central Iron & Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China
2.College of Materials Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang 065000, China

引用本文:

王虎, 赵琳, 彭云, 蔡啸涛, 田志凌. 激光熔化沉积TiB₂ 增强TiAl基合金涂层的组织及力学性能[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(2): 226-236.
Hu WANG, Lin ZHAO, Yun PENG, Xiaotao CAI, Zhiling TIAN. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiB₂ Reinforced TiAl-Based Alloy Coatings Prepared by Laser Melting Deposition[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(2): 226-236.

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摘要:

采用激光熔化沉积在TC4合金表面制备出不同TiB₂含量(0、10%、20%、30%，质量分数)的TiAl基合金涂层，利用XRD、OM、SEM、显微硬度计、压痕法(断裂韧性)、磨损试验机以及激光共聚焦显微镜等，系统研究了TiB₂含量对涂层微观组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明，涂层组织由底部沿厚度方向依次为平面晶、柱状晶和等轴晶，随着TiB₂含量增加，柱状晶高度逐渐降低。TiB₂/TiAl复合涂层由TiAl合金基体相(γ + α₂)以及TiB₂增强相组成，直接添加的TiB₂颗粒大多没有熔化，但直接添加的TiB₂颗粒外层与TiAl合金熔体发生溶解反应后原位析出初生TiB₂和次生TiB₂，初生TiB₂呈块状，次生TiB₂呈短棒状和条带状。随着TiB₂含量由0增加至10%，涂层基体组织明显细化，但继续增加TiB₂含量(20%、30%)并未产生进一步的细化作用。随着TiB₂含量由0增加至30%，涂层的表面硬度由530.5 HV增加至738.4 HV，断裂韧性由7.75 MPa·m^1/2降低至3.17 MPa·m^1/2，磨损率由3.98 mg/mm²减少至0.42 mg/mm²，并且磨损面的磨损程度及其粗糙度也随之降低。未添加TiB₂时，涂层的磨损机制以显微切削为主，多次塑性变形为辅；TiB₂含量为10%时，涂层的磨损机制以显微切削为主，微观断裂为辅；随着TiB₂含量增加，磨损机制逐渐转向微观断裂；TiB₂含量为30%时，涂层的磨损机制以微观断裂为主，显微切削为辅。

关键词 ：激光熔化沉积, TiAl基合金, TiB₂, 微观组织, 力学性能

Abstract：

TiAl-based alloy coating produced by laser melting deposition exhibits excellent properties of high temperature and corrosion resistance and has a wide application potential across many fields. However, the wear resistance of the coating is poor, which limits its long-term usage in harsh and complex working environments. In this study, TiB₂ reinforced TiAl-based alloy composite coatings are prepared by laser melting deposition to improve their wear resistance, and a theoretical reference for further exploring the applications of TiAl-based alloy composites in surface engineering is presented. TiAl-based alloy coatings with different TiB₂ contents (0, 10%, 20%, 30%, mass fraction) were prepared on the surface of TC4 alloy using the laser melting deposition process. The effects of TiB₂ content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings were systematically studied using XRD, OM, SEM, microhardness tester, indentation method, wear tester, and laser confocal microscope. Planar, columnar, and equiaxed crystal distributions were observed along the thickness direction from the bottom. With an increase in TiB₂ content, the height of columnar crystal gradually decreased. TiB₂/TiAl composite coatings are composed of a TiAl alloy matrix phase (γ + α₂) and a TiB₂ enhanced phase. Most of the directly added TiB₂ particles do not melt, but the outer layer of the directly added TiB₂ particles dissolves within the molten TiAl alloy, following which primary and secondary TiB₂ are precipitated in situ. The primary TiB₂ has a particle form and the secondary TiB₂ has a needle or flake form. With the increase of TiB₂ content from 0 to 10%, the matrix of the coating is noticeably refined, but an increase in TiB₂ content (20% and 30%) do not produce further refinement. With the increase of TiB₂ content from 0 to 30%, the surface hardness of the coating increases from 530.5 HV to 738.4 HV, the fracture toughness decreases from 7.75 MPa·m^1/2 to 3.17 MPa·m^1/2, the wear rate decreases from 3.98 mg/mm² to 0.42 mg/mm², and the wear degree and roughness of the wear surface also decrease. Furthermore, the wear mechanism of the coating without TiB₂ is mainly microscopic cutting, supplemented by multiple plastic deformations. When the mass fraction of TiB₂ is 10%, the wear mechanism of the coating is mainly microscopic cutting, supplemented by microscopic fracture. As the TiB₂ content increases, the wear mechanism gradually turns to microscopic fracture. When the mass fraction of TiB₂ is 30%, the wear mechanism of the coating is mainly microscopic fracture, supplemented by microscopic cutting.

Key words： laser melting deposition TiAl-based alloy TiB₂ microstructure mechanical property

收稿日期: 2021-12-22

ZTFLH:

TG174.4

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFE0200900)

作者简介: 王虎，男，1986年生，博士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00577 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2023/V59/I2/226

图1 TiAl合金粉末和TiB2颗粒的SEM像

图2 不同TiB2含量涂层的XRD谱

图3 TiAl合金涂层中部的显微组织

图4 不同TiB2含量涂层截面中部的背散射电子像

表1 图4复合涂层中第二相的EDS结果 (atomic fraction / %)

图5 不同TiB2含量涂层界面附近的OM像

图6 不同TiB2含量涂层截面的显微硬度

图7 不同TiB2含量涂层的压痕形貌

表2 不同TiB2含量涂层的断裂韧性(压痕法)

图8 不同TiB2含量涂层的磨损率

图9 不同TiB2含量涂层的磨损形貌

图10 磨粒磨损条件下产生的剥落坑的高倍形貌

图11 不同TiB2含量涂层磨损表面的粗糙度

图12 不同TiB2含量涂层磨损表面的3D形貌

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