应用稀土氧化物冶金技术改善高强钢焊接性能

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00052

金属学报

2020, Vol. 56

Issue (9): 1206-1216 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00052

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

应用稀土氧化物冶金技术改善高强钢焊接性能

陆斌¹^,²^,³, 陈芙蓉¹(

), 智建国²^,³, 耿如明⁴

1 内蒙古工业大学材料科学与工程学院呼和浩特 010051
2 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司包头 014010
3 内蒙古自治区稀土钢产品研发企业重点实验室包头 014010
4 北京科技大学钢铁冶金新技术国家重点实验室北京 100083

Enhanced Welding Properties of High Strength Steel via Rare Earth Oxide Metallurgy Technology

LU Bin¹^,²^,³, CHEN Furong¹(

), ZHI Jianguo²^,³, GENG Ruming⁴

1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
2 Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co. , Ltd. , Baotou 014010, China
3 Inner Mongolia Enterprise Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Steel Products Research and Development, Baotou 014010, China
4 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

引用本文:

陆斌, 陈芙蓉, 智建国, 耿如明. 应用稀土氧化物冶金技术改善高强钢焊接性能[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(9): 1206-1216.
Bin LU, Furong CHEN, Jianguo ZHI, Ruming GENG. Enhanced Welding Properties of High Strength Steel via Rare Earth Oxide Metallurgy Technology[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2020, 56(9): 1206-1216.

全文: PDF(4358 KB) HTML

摘要:

在高强钢中加入5×10^-6和23×10^-6稀土Ce，研究了Ce对焊接热影响区冲击韧性、微观组织、原奥氏体晶粒以及焊接接头断口形貌的影响与机理。钢中含Ce量为5×10^-6时，能在镁铝夹杂物外围生成少量CeAlO₃夹杂物，但不能完全改性镁铝夹杂物，当Ce添加量达到23×10^-6后，Ce能够完全改性MgO-Al₂O₃尖晶石，生成(CeCa)S+MgO-Al₂O₃+MnS稀土夹杂物。对含有Ce的高强钢板进行模拟焊接，结果表明，在4组不同焊接热输入条件下，钢中加入23×10^-6Ce后，比钢中加入5×10^-6Ce的钢焊接热影响区的Charpy冲击功有所提高。微观组织分析发现，23×10^-6Ce含量的高强钢试样焊接热影响区断口形貌呈现韧窝状，韧性更好；当热输入从25 kJ/cm逐步提高到100 kJ/cm时，含5×10^-6Ce的高强钢热影响区原奥氏体晶粒平均尺寸增加了75.6%；含23×10^-6Ce的高强钢的原奥氏体晶粒平均尺寸增加了52.4%，即钢中Ce含量的增加抑制了焊接热影响区原奥氏体晶粒的长大。通过微观组织分析对比，说明稀土Ce在高强钢中起到了延迟焊接热影响区上贝氏体组织形成的作用，同时抑制焊接过程中原奥氏体晶粒的长大。利用高温共聚焦显微镜观察到了稀土夹杂物钉扎于原奥氏体晶界，抑制焊接过程中晶粒的长大，验证了稀土Ce对高强钢焊接热影响区性能改善的机理。本工作表明应用稀土氧化物冶金可以改善稀土高强钢的焊接性能。

关键词 ：高强钢, 热影响区, 氧化物冶金, 稀土

Abstract：

With the increase of the strength of steel plate, the welding performance of the steel decreases sharply and the welding crack susceptibility increases. The properties of welding heat-affected zone of high strength steel lower with increasing the welding heat input. The present work aims to improve the toughness of welding heat-affected zone by rare earth oxide metallurgy technology. The effect of 5×10^-6 and 23×10^-6 rare earth Ce on the impact toughness, microstructure, austenite grains of heat-affected zone and fracture morphology of welded joint were studied. When the steel contains 5×10^-6 rare earth Ce, the inclusions are MgO-Al₂O₃ spinels surrounded with a small amount of CeAlO₃ inclusions. In the case of the steel with 23×10^-6Ce, Ce can completely modify MgO-Al₂O₃ inclusions, resulting in the formation of (CeCa)S+MgO-Al₂O₃+MnS complex inclusions. The simulation welding of high strength steel was performed. The results show that the Charpy impact energy of heat-affected zone of the steel with 23×10^-6Ce is higher at four different heat inputs, in comparison with the steel with 5×10^-6Ce. The microstructure analysis shows that the fracture morphology of heat-affected zone of the steel with 23×10^-6Ce appears dimples, which is an indication of a higher toughness. With increasing the heat input from 25 kJ/cm to 100 kJ/cm, the average grain size of the original austenite in the heat-affected zones of the steels with 5×10^-6Ce and 23×10^-6Ce was increased by 75.6% and 52.4%, respectively. It indicates that the growth of the original austenite grain during welding is suppressed with increasing the Ce content in the steel. Comparison of the microstructure shows that rare earth Ce can delay the formation of upper bainite structure in the heat-affected zone. Through the high temperature confocal microscope, it was observed that the rare earth inclusions pinned on the original austenite grain boundary, which can effectively restrain the grain growth during the welding process. It provides an evidence showing the mechanism of improvement in the heat-affected zone in the welding of the high strength steel by rare earth Ce. The present study demonstrates the rare earth oxide metallurgy can improve the weldability of the high strength steel.

Key words： high strength steel heat-affected zone (HAZ) oxide metallurgy rare earth

收稿日期: 2020-02-18

ZTFLH:

TG457.11

作者简介: 陆斌，男，1977年生，高级工程师，博士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00052 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2020/V56/I9/1206

表1 不同Ce含量高强钢的化学成分 (mass fraction / %)

图1 5Ce试样中典型夹杂物MgO-Al2O3+(CaMn)S+CeAlO3的SEM像和EDS分析Color online

表2 不同Ce含量高强钢的力学性能

图2 23Ce试样中典型夹杂物(CeCa)S+MgO-Al2O3+MnS的SEM像和EDS分析Color online

表3 热模拟焊接参数

图3 热影响区(HAZ)焊接热模拟过程

图4 不同热输入条件下的焊接热影响区室温冲击功

图5 5Ce试样不同焊接热输入下热影响区显微组织的OM像

图6 23Ce试样不同焊接热输入下热影响区显微组织的OM像

图7 5Ce试样不同焊接热输入下断口形貌的SEM像

图8 23Ce试样不同焊接热输入下断口形貌的SEM像

图9 5Ce试样不同焊接热输入下热影响区原奥氏体晶粒形貌的OM像

表4 不同热输入条件下的焊接热影响区的原奥氏体晶粒尺寸 (μm)

图10 23Ce试样不同焊接热输入下热影响区原奥氏体晶粒形貌的OM像

图11 23Ce试样高温共聚焦观察实验结果Color online(a) 987.2 s, 1488.5 ℃；(b) 1012.7 s, 1484.0 ℃；(c) 1023.9 s, 1488.5 ℃；(d) 1030.1 s, 1482.0 ℃；(e) 1067.8 s, 1475.6 ℃；(f) 1202.4 s, 1453.0 ℃

表5 不同焊接热输入时23Ce试样在不同温度持续时间 (s)

图12 23Ce试样电解后夹杂物SEM像及EDS分析Color online(a~c) MgO-Al2O3；(d) Al2O3

图13 23Ce试样电解后碳氮化物的SEM像和EDS(a, b) Ti-carbonitride；(c) Mo-carbonitride；(d) Cr-carbonitride

图14 23Ce试样电解后含稀土夹杂物SEM像及EDS分析Color online(a) backscatter mode；(b) secondary electronic mode

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