电弧熔丝增材制造<strong>2Cr13</strong>合金组织与性能各向异性行为

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00414

金属学报

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (1): 157-168 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00414

研究论文

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电弧熔丝增材制造2Cr13合金组织与性能各向异性行为

葛进国¹^,², 卢照³, 何思亮¹, 孙妍⁴, 殷硕²^,⁵(

)

1.桂林电子科技大学机电工程学院桂林 541010
2.Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin D02PN40, Ireland
3.桂林电子科技大学材料科学与工程学院桂林 541010
4.大连船舶重工集团有限公司设计研究院大连 116005
5.扬州大学机械工程学院扬州 225127

Anisotropy in Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of 2Cr13 Alloy Produced by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

GE Jinguo¹^,², LU Zhao³, HE Siliang¹, SUN Yan⁴, YIN Shuo²^,⁵(

)

1.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541010, China
2.Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin D02PN40, Ireland
3.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541010, China
4.Design & Research Institute, Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Co., Ltd., Dalian 116005, China
5.School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China

引用本文:

葛进国, 卢照, 何思亮, 孙妍, 殷硕. 电弧熔丝增材制造2Cr13合金组织与性能各向异性行为[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(1): 157-168.
Jinguo GE, Zhao LU, Siliang HE, Yan SUN, Shuo YIN. Anisotropy in Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of 2Cr13 Alloy Produced by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(1): 157-168.

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摘要:

采用电弧熔丝增材制造(WAAM)技术进行多层单道结构2Cr13构件制备，揭示不同层间停留温度(110~550℃)下2Cr13电弧沉积件组织、性能各向异性演变规律，以实现关键工艺参数调控下力学性能主动控制。结果表明，550℃沉积件内针状马氏体因重熔碎晶呈细长外延状生长并具有略强织构取向，且于马氏体间隙处零散分布着很少量细小不规则逆变奥氏体。550℃沉积件因细晶强化获得了较高强度与硬度，但拉伸性能具有明显各向异性。110~180℃沉积件各区域间板条状马氏体虽大致沿沉积方向生长但无明显织构取向，马氏体晶粒因层间停留温度降低导致冷凝速率增加而略呈细化趋势。110~180℃沉积件因具有相近板条状马氏体组织，其力学性能较相近且呈各向同性。

关键词 ：电弧熔丝增材制造, 2Cr13合金, 显微组织, 力学性能, 各向异性

Abstract：

2Cr13 martensite stainless steel has been widely used for the manufacturing of surgical tools and turbine blades. Contrary to the conventional fabrication technologies, there are several remarkable advantages in the fabrication of 2Cr13 parts by adopting wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technologies, such as excellent metallurgical bonding, high production efficiency, near-net-shape production, and limited environmental contamination. In this work, the effect of interlayer dwelling temperature (110-550^oC) on microstructural and mechanical properties has been revealed, providing a new approach for the active control of the performances of 2Cr13 buildups produced by wire-arc additive manufacturing. The part with a dwelling temperature of 550^oC was featured by elongated acicular martensite features, with a slightly enhanced fiber-like texture, along with minor fine irregular-reverse austenite structures, dispersed among martensite gaps. This special martensitic distribution was mainly caused by the grain-broken effect under the intensive thermal shock from liquid melting pool. Consequently, the enhanced tensile strength and microhardness were obtained due to grain refinement, although exhibiting an obvious anisotropy in tensile properties. The parts with dwelling temperatures of 110-180^oC were characterized by relatively coarsened martensite laths, with a random texture type, within block-shaped ferrite matrix. The average martensite size was gradually refined due to the increased cooling rate by lowering interlayer temperature. The isotropic mechanical properties of all three parts (110-180^oC) were similar because of the similar martensite laths.

Key words： wire arc additive manufacturing 2Cr13 alloy microstructure mechanical property anisotropy

收稿日期: 2022-08-25

ZTFLH:

TH142.3

基金资助:中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2021M693230);广西自然科学基金青年项目(2021JJB160022)

作者简介: 葛进国，男，1990年生，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00414 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2023/V59/I1/157

图1 电弧熔丝增材制造(WAAM) 2Cr13拉伸试样取样位置及其尺寸示意图

图2 2Cr13沉积件第15层中间位置原位温度测量曲线

图3 2Cr13沉积件中间部位腐蚀后宏观形貌OM像

图4 2Cr13沉积件在不同层间停留温度下的XRD谱

图5 2Cr13沉积件中间层组织形貌的OM像

图6 不同层间停留温度下的2Cr13沉积件垂直面的EBSD分析

图7 不同层间停留温度下垂直面铁素体相极图

图8 2Cr13沉积件内马氏体尺寸分布图

表1 马氏体尺寸统计结果 (μm)

图9 2Cr13沉积件中间层EBSD相分数分布图

图10 不同层间停留温度下2Cr13沉积件Y-Z面奥氏体相极图

图11 2Cr13沉积件中间部位沿沉积高度方向的硬度曲线

图12 2Cr13沉积件中间位置不同沉积面应力-位移曲线

图13 2Cr13沉积件中间位置拉伸性能的各向异性

图14 2Cr13沉积件不同层间停留温度拉伸断口形貌

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