<strong>Al</strong>对<strong>42CrMo</strong>螺栓钢淬透性及组织的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00045

金属学报

2020, Vol. 56

Issue (10): 1324-1334 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00045

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

Al对42CrMo螺栓钢淬透性及组织的影响

吕超然¹, 徐乐¹(

), 史超², 刘进德³, 蒋伟斌⁴, 王毛球¹

1 钢铁研究总院特殊钢研究所北京 100081
2 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司包头 014033
3 宁夏天地奔牛实业集团有限公司石嘴山 753001
4 建龙北满特殊钢有限责任公司齐齐哈尔 161041

Effect of Al on Hardenability and Microstructure of 42CrMo Bolt Steel

LU Chaoran¹, XU Le¹(

), SHI Chao², LIU Jinde³, JIANG Weibin⁴, WANG Maoqiu¹

1 Central Iron & Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China
2 Inner Mongolia North Heavy Industries Group Co. Ltd. , Baotou 014033, China
3 Ningxia Tiandi Benniu Industrial Group Co. Ltd. , Shizuishan 753001, China
4 Jianlong Beiman Special Steel Co. Ltd. , Qiqihaer 161041, China

引用本文:

吕超然, 徐乐, 史超, 刘进德, 蒋伟斌, 王毛球. Al对42CrMo螺栓钢淬透性及组织的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(10): 1324-1334.
Chaoran LU, Le XU, Chao SHI, Jinde LIU, Weibin JIANG, Maoqiu WANG. Effect of Al on Hardenability and Microstructure of 42CrMo Bolt Steel[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2020, 56(10): 1324-1334.

全文: PDF(5761 KB) HTML

摘要:

在42CrMo钢基础成分中配合添加Al-Ti和Al-B元素，通过末端淬火实验和截面硬度实验对比分析3种42CrMo钢淬透性的差异，并通过OM、SEM等手段观察晶粒形貌以及不同部位淬火后显微组织，利用三维原子探针(3DAP)分析元素分布，通过常规力学性能实验检测其常温拉伸和低温冲击性能。结果表明，Al-Ti、Al-B的添加均使42CrMo钢淬透性提高，Al-B钢增加淬透性作用更大，淬火后距淬火端25 mm处的硬度增加6 HRC，直径42、48和56 mm截面的心部硬度分别增加7、10和14 HRC，并且使钢的抗拉强度R_m≥1200 MPa，-40 ℃下冲击吸收功KV₂≥27 J，力学性能满足低温环境下螺栓用钢的使用要求。通过化学相分析实验和TTT曲线测定，表明Al-Ti配合添加，Ti发挥固氮作用形成TiN，使Al固溶于铁素体中，抑制贝氏体产生；Al-B配合添加，一部分Al发挥固氮作用，另外一部分Al与B共同固溶于钢中，抑制珠光体和铁素体的转变，增加实验用钢在较低的冷速下获得马氏体的能力，提高钢的淬透性。通过3DAP实验分析钢中各元素的分布情况，其中Al元素在钢中弥散分布，抑制C的扩散，从而抑制贝氏体的形成，提高钢的淬透性。实验结果表明，Al在钢中添加既可作为固N元素促进B的固溶，也可由其自身固溶于钢中，提高材料的淬透性。

关键词 ： 42CrMo钢, 淬透性, 3DAP, 力学性能, 相分析

Abstract：

42CrMo steel has a good combination of strength and toughness after quenching and tempering treatment, which make it an ideal candidate material for high strength bolt. Nevertheless, with the increase of bolt diameter in wind power field, the hardenability of 42CrMo steel is inadequate to manufacture the high strength bolt with diameter over 36 mm. Recent study indicates that Al addition is an economical and effective way to affect the phase transformation product during quenching process. In order to improve the hardenability of 42CrMo bolt steel, the effect of Al on the hardenability of 42CrMo was investigated by Jominy test and cross section hardness distribution test. OM and SEM were used to analyze the morphology of the grain size; chemical phase analysis test was used to detect the precipitation in Al addition steels; the isothermal transformation diagram (TTT curve) was measured to study the phase transformation of the steels; the three dimensional atom probe (3DAP) was used to analyze the Al distribution in matrix; the tensile and impact toughness properties of Al addition steels were also examined. It was found that the hardenability of 42CrMo bolt steel could be improved significantly by Al-Ti and Al-B addition, the hardness was increased by 6 HRC at the position of 25 mm from quenched end, the center hardness in diameter of 42, 48 and 56 mm was increased by 7, 10 and 14 HRC, respectively. The improvement of hardenability for Al-Ti addition steel can be attributed to the increasing dissolved Al content in the matrix because of the Ti addition, which suppresses the formation of bainite during the quenching process. The hardenability of Al-B addition steel is better than that of Al-Ti addition steel, which can be ascribed to the dissolved Al and B inhibiting the phase transformation of ferrite and pearlite. Moreover, Al can play an important role in increasing dissolved B content by means of AlN formation, in which the dissolved Al dispersive distribution in matrix is favorable to improve the hardenability of 42CrMo steel. Meanwhile, the tensile strength and Charpy V-notch impact energy at -40 ℃ of Al addition steels are adequate to manufacture grade 12.9 high strength bolt.

Key words： 42CrMo steel hardenability 3DAP mechanical property phase analysis

收稿日期: 2020-02-14

ZTFLH:

TG142.1

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB0300104)

作者简介: 吕超然，女，1994年生，硕士生

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表1 实验用钢的化学成分 (mass fraction / %)

图1 实验用钢的末端淬火淬透性曲线

图2 实验用钢的截面硬度曲线

图3 实验用钢的晶粒形貌

图4 实验用钢距淬火端不同距离显微组织

图5 实验用钢不同横截面心部组织对比

图6 不同回火温度下实验用钢的抗拉强度和低温(-40℃)冲击性能

图7 42CrMo钢过冷奥氏体等温转变曲线

图8 实验用钢的XRD谱

图9 2#和3#钢析出相形貌和EDS分析

图10 实验用钢相分析结果

图11 含晶界针尖试样以及通过3DAP测得针尖处金属元素含量

图12 2#钢各元素在3D空间的分布

图13 晶界处元素在3D空间的分布

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