多相强化型马氏体时效不锈钢中的合金元素偏聚效应<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00234

金属学报

2016, Vol. 52

Issue (12): 1517-1526 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00234

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

多相强化型马氏体时效不锈钢中的合金元素偏聚效应^*

田家龙^1,²,李永灿³,王威¹(

),严伟¹,单以银¹,姜周华²,杨柯¹

1 中国科学院金属研究所, 沈阳 110016
2 东北大学材料与冶金学院, 沈阳 110819
3 南京航空航天大学材料科学与技术学院, 南京 210016

ALLOYING ELEMENT SEGREGATION EFFECT IN A MULTI-PHASE STRENGTHENED MARAGING STAINLESS STEEL

Jialong TIAN^1,²,Yongcan LI³,Wei WANG¹(

),Wei YAN¹,Yiyin SHAN¹,Zhouhua JIANG²,Ke YANG¹

1 Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
2 School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
3 College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China

引用本文:

田家龙,李永灿,王威,严伟,单以银,姜周华,杨柯. 多相强化型马氏体时效不锈钢中的合金元素偏聚效应^*[J]. 金属学报, 2016, 52(12): 1517-1526.
Jialong TIAN, Yongcan LI, Wei WANG, Wei YAN, Yiyin SHAN, Zhouhua JIANG, Ke YANG. ALLOYING ELEMENT SEGREGATION EFFECT IN A MULTI-PHASE STRENGTHENED MARAGING STAINLESS STEEL[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2016, 52(12): 1517-1526.

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摘要:

采用高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和原子探针层析技术(APT)等分析手段研究了一种多相强化型马氏体时效不锈钢时效过程中的元素偏聚特征及其与材料力学和耐蚀性能的关系. 结果表明, 马氏体时效不锈钢在时效过程中析出3种强化相: 富Mo的R′相、Ni₃Ti金属间化合物η相和富Cr的α′相. 其中R′相与η相一起形成核壳状结构, α′相则单独弥散分布于基体中. 时效时间延长至40 h后, 主要强化相η相的成分、数量密度和等效半径基本稳定, 同时马氏体时效不锈钢的强度不再发生明显的变化, 这种优异的抗过时效能力是由于核壳状结构的形成. 腐蚀实验结果表明, 由于富Cr的α′相的析出, 导致贫Cr区的形成, 进而降低了马氏体时效不锈钢的耐蚀性能.

关键词 ：马氏体时效不锈钢,, 合金元素偏聚,, 力学性能,, 耐蚀性能

Abstract：

Maraging stainless steels are the most widely used high strength stainless steels because of their excellent combination of high strength, superior corrosion resistance and good weldability. The typical heat treatment of maraging stainless steel consists of solution treatment and the following aging treatment. Aging treatment is the important process since it affects the steel's final properties and then determines its application prospect. Thus, understanding well the segregation behavior of alloying elements during the aging treatment plays a key role in developing the new maraging stainless steel with superior properties. In this work, segregation of alloying elements as well as its effect on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of a multi-phase strengthened maraging stainless steel was studied by HRTEM and APT analyses. It was found that three precipitating species including Mo-rich R′ phase, η phase and Cr-rich α′ phase were identified in the steel. A unique core-shell structure with membrane-like R′ phase formed on the surface of η phase was identified however α′ phase distributed in the matrix separately. The core-shell structure enabled the maraging stainless steel a superior over-aging resistance and since aging time has reached 40 h, the characteristics of precipitations change little even aging time prolongs to 100 h. The corrosion test results indicated that the occurrence of α′ phase resulted in the formation of Cr-depleted zone and deteriorated the corrosion resistance seriously. In conclusion, the segregation behavior of alloying elements in maraging stainless steel has a significant effect on both mechanical property and corrosion resistance although some underlying mechanisms still haven't been understood well.

Key words： maraging stainless steel alloying element segregation mechanical property corrosion resistance

收稿日期: 2016-06-14

基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金项目51201160和中国科学院金属研究所创新基金项目2015-ZD04资助

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00234 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2016/V52/I12/1517

图1 马氏体时效不锈钢深冷处理及其在500 ℃时效3 h后的TEM明场像

图2 马氏体时效不锈钢在500 ℃时效12 h后的TEM明场像、HRTEM像、η相的Fourier变换和基体的SAED花样

图3 马氏体时效不锈钢在500 ℃时效100 h后的TEM明场像和EDS分析

图4 深冷处理后合金元素的三维空间分布图

图5 马氏体时效不锈钢在500 ℃时效不同时间后的析出相形貌(30 nm×30 nm×50 nm)

表1 η相在500 ℃时效过程中的演变规律

图6 马氏体时效不锈钢在500 ℃时效12 h后35%(Ni+Ti)等浓度面成分剖面图

图7 马氏体时效不锈钢时效过程中Cr原子浓度的波动

图8 深冷态和峰时效态的马氏体时效不锈钢样品盐雾腐蚀实验前后的宏观形貌

图9 深冷态和峰时效态的马氏体时效不锈钢样品盐雾腐蚀实验144 h后的SEM像

图10 深冷态和峰时效态马氏体时效不锈钢样品经盐雾腐蚀实验144 h后表面钝化(氧化)膜的XPS分析

图11 马氏体时效不锈钢500 ℃时效过程中析出相的演变规律示意图

图12 峰时效态拉伸试样断口附近和夹持端的XRD谱

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