GRADIENT NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2014.00395

Acta Metall Sin

2015, Vol. 51

Issue (1): 1-10 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2014.00395

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GRADIENT NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS

LU Ke(

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Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016

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LU Ke. GRADIENT NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS. Acta Metall Sin, 2015, 51(1): 1-10.

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Abstract

In this paper, research progresses on gradient nanostructured materials in recent years is briefly reviewed. It includes classification of gradient nanostructures, properties and processing techniques of the gradient nanostructured materials. Perspectives and challenges on scientific understanding and industrial applications of gradient nanostructured materials are addressed.

Key words: nanostructured materials gradient nanostructure property synthesis and processing

Received: 18 July 2014

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2014.00395 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2015/V51/I1/1

Fig.1 Variation of measured strength (or 1/3 hardness) of pure Ni versus the characteristic structural size^[4]

Fig.2 The classification of gradient nanostructures (GNS) with grain size gradient (a), twin thickness gradient (b), lamellar thickness gradient (c) and columnar size gradient (d)^[4]

Fig.3 Quasi-static tensile engineering stress-strain curves for the CG Cu bar sample with gauge diameter of 4.5 mm, the GNG/CG bar sample, and a free-standing GNG foil sample (the top 50-μm-thick layer was removed from the GNG/CG sample, gauge dimensions: 4 mm by 2 mm by 0.05 mm), respectively. Strain rate is 61×10^-⁴ s^-¹. Inset shows the tensile GNG/CG bar sample before and after tension (with a normal strain of 30%) (a)^[3], and strength-tensile uniform elongation synergy (b) (CG—coarse-grained, GNG—gradient nano-grained)

Fig.4 Variations of measured microhardness with depth in the GNG surface layer of the tensile samples with different true strains, as indicated in the SEM image of the longitudinal section of the tensile sample after failure (inset) (Each datum point is averaged from more than 10 indents)^[19]

Fig.5 Strength-ductility synergy (The strength of a metal is increased at an expense of ductility for homogeneous plastic deformation of CG metals or homogeneous refinement to nanosized grains (NG), and follows a typical “banana-shaped” curve (blue line). Similar strength-ductility trade-offs occur for random mixtures of coarse grains with nanograins (CG+NG). However, strength-ductility synergy is achieved with GNG structures (red line))^[24]

Fig.6 S/N curves of as-received sample, as-SMGT sample and SMGT sample annealed at 450 ℃ for 1 h (Solid symbols denote tests continuing to sample failure and open symbols for tests terminated without failure after 2×10⁶ cycles) (SMGT—surface mechanical grinding treatment)^[26]

Fig.7 Variation in the effective diffusion coefficient of ⁶³Ni in different regions of the surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) surface layer at 130 ℃ (The middle point on the corresponding measured diffusion profile is used as the distance to the SMAT surface. Diffusivities along twin boundaries (TB) (or TB-like interfaces) and different grain boundaries (GB) in the SMAT surface layer, as well as the one along high-angle grain boundaries (HAGB) in a high-purity CG Cu, are shown for comparison)^[28]

Fig.8 Cross-sectional observations of an original coarse-grained Fe sample (a) and a SMAT Fe sample (b) after nitriding at 300 ℃ for 9 h^[30]

Fig.9 SEM images of surface morphology of GNG and CG Cu after tensile test^[4]

Fig.10 Three kinds of gradient plastic deformation^[4]

Fig.11 Summary of properties and performance of GNS^[4]

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