Research Progress and Prospects of Austenite-Based Fe-Mn-Al-C Lightweight Steels
DING Hua1,2,3(), ZHANG Yu3, CAI Minghui1,3, TANG Zhengyou1,3
1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China 2State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China 3Key Laboratory of Lightweight Structural Materials, Liaoning Province, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Cite this article:
DING Hua, ZHANG Yu, CAI Minghui, TANG Zhengyou. Research Progress and Prospects of Austenite-Based Fe-Mn-Al-C Lightweight Steels. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(8): 1027-1041.
Weight reduction of materials is an eternal topic. Recently, Fe-Mn-Al-C steels with low density and good comprehensive properties have attracted considerable interests in the fields of material research and industries. In Fe-Mn-Al-C steels, various microstructures can be produced and various mechanical properties can be achieved by rationally designing alloying compositions and process parameters. In the new-generation lightweight, high-strength Fe-Mn-Al-C steels, microstructural evolution and deformation mechanisms possess many characteristics that differ from those in other steels, and several novel aspects in physical metallurgy are involved and require to be thoroughly researched. In this paper, recent progress on the role of alloying elements, the relationship between microstructures and mechanical properties, and deformation mechanisms was reviewed and the future directions of research are proposed. To provide a solid foundation for the development and applications of the new type of Fe-Mn-Al-C lightweight steels, alloy design, microstructural design and control, quantitative analysis of deformation mechanisms, and forming and service properties should be focused.
Fig.1 Schematics showing the atomic position in the ordered lattices of a Fe-Mn-Al-C system[30] (a) κ phase (b) B2 phase (c) D03 phase
Fig.2 XRD spectra (a) and micrographs of Fe-11Mn-10Al-1.25C steel after annealing at 1000oC (b), 900oC (c), and 800oC (d)[43] (D—diameter of phase, subscripts γ, α, and GB-κ represent corresponding γ, α phases, and κ phase at grain boun-daries; inset in Fig.1c shows the magnified microstructure)
Alloy (mass fraction / %)
YS / MPa
UTS / MPa
TE / %
Phase
ρ / (g·cm-3)
Γ / (mJ·m-2)
Ref.
Fe-28Mn-9Al-0.8C
440
840
100
γ
6.78
85
[7]
Fe-30.4Mn-8Al-1.2C
1020
1125
41
γ + κ
-
-
[87]
Fe-20Mn-9Al-0.6C
514
806
46
γ + α
6.84
70
[23]
Fe-28Mn-12Al-1.0C
730
1000
~55
γ + α + κ
6.50
110
[3]
Fe-25.7Mn-10.6Al-1.2C
1251
1387
43
γ + α + κ
-
-
[12]
Fe-27Mn-12Al-0.8C
812
955
42
γ + δ + κ + B2 + D03
6.53
92
[30]
Fe-18Mn-10Al-0.8C
711
979
38
γ + α + κ + B2 + D03
6.88
77.9
[16]
Fe-11Mn-10Al-1.25C
1041
1097
29
γ + α + κ
-
-
[42]
Table 1 Mechanical properties and phase constituents of austenite and austenite-based duplex lightweight steels[3,7,12,16,23,30,42,87]
Fig.3 Comparisons of tensile strength and total elongation of Fe-Mn-Al-C-X lightweight ste-els[14,19,40,59-63,69,71-73,80]
Fig.4 Deformed microstructures of the compositionally complex steel (CCS) at 1.5% strain[62] (a) LAADF-STEM image showing the dislocations (in bright contrast) (b, c) zoom-in image of the marked region in Fig.5a (b), dislocations are highlighted by the blue arrows, austenite (γ) matrix and κ-cabide are identified by fast Fourier transform (FFT) patterns, and B2 phase is detected by EDS maps (c). Dislocations cut through γ matrix and κ-carbide, whereas the bypassing mechanism is shown for the B2 phase
Fig.5 Misrostructures of Fe-25.7Mn-10.6Al-1.2C steel[12] (a) EBSD characterization of the γ matrix, recry-stallizaed microstructure being illustrated by the red arrows (b) dark-field TEM image of intragranular κ-carbide in the recrystallized grain
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