Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiB2 Reinforced TiAl-Based Alloy Coatings Prepared by Laser Melting Deposition

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00577

Acta Metall Sin

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (2): 226-236 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00577

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiB₂ Reinforced TiAl-Based Alloy Coatings Prepared by Laser Melting Deposition

WANG Hu¹^,², ZHAO Lin¹(

), PENG Yun¹(

), CAI Xiaotao¹, TIAN Zhiling¹

1.Welding Research Institute, Central Iron & Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China
2.College of Materials Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang 065000, China

Cite this article:

WANG Hu, ZHAO Lin, PENG Yun, CAI Xiaotao, TIAN Zhiling. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiB₂ Reinforced TiAl-Based Alloy Coatings Prepared by Laser Melting Deposition. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(2): 226-236.

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Abstract

TiAl-based alloy coating produced by laser melting deposition exhibits excellent properties of high temperature and corrosion resistance and has a wide application potential across many fields. However, the wear resistance of the coating is poor, which limits its long-term usage in harsh and complex working environments. In this study, TiB₂ reinforced TiAl-based alloy composite coatings are prepared by laser melting deposition to improve their wear resistance, and a theoretical reference for further exploring the applications of TiAl-based alloy composites in surface engineering is presented. TiAl-based alloy coatings with different TiB₂ contents (0, 10%, 20%, 30%, mass fraction) were prepared on the surface of TC4 alloy using the laser melting deposition process. The effects of TiB₂ content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings were systematically studied using XRD, OM, SEM, microhardness tester, indentation method, wear tester, and laser confocal microscope. Planar, columnar, and equiaxed crystal distributions were observed along the thickness direction from the bottom. With an increase in TiB₂ content, the height of columnar crystal gradually decreased. TiB₂/TiAl composite coatings are composed of a TiAl alloy matrix phase (γ + α₂) and a TiB₂ enhanced phase. Most of the directly added TiB₂ particles do not melt, but the outer layer of the directly added TiB₂ particles dissolves within the molten TiAl alloy, following which primary and secondary TiB₂ are precipitated in situ. The primary TiB₂ has a particle form and the secondary TiB₂ has a needle or flake form. With the increase of TiB₂ content from 0 to 10%, the matrix of the coating is noticeably refined, but an increase in TiB₂ content (20% and 30%) do not produce further refinement. With the increase of TiB₂ content from 0 to 30%, the surface hardness of the coating increases from 530.5 HV to 738.4 HV, the fracture toughness decreases from 7.75 MPa·m^1/2 to 3.17 MPa·m^1/2, the wear rate decreases from 3.98 mg/mm² to 0.42 mg/mm², and the wear degree and roughness of the wear surface also decrease. Furthermore, the wear mechanism of the coating without TiB₂ is mainly microscopic cutting, supplemented by multiple plastic deformations. When the mass fraction of TiB₂ is 10%, the wear mechanism of the coating is mainly microscopic cutting, supplemented by microscopic fracture. As the TiB₂ content increases, the wear mechanism gradually turns to microscopic fracture. When the mass fraction of TiB₂ is 30%, the wear mechanism of the coating is mainly microscopic fracture, supplemented by microscopic cutting.

Key words: laser melting deposition TiAl-based alloy TiB₂ microstructure mechanical property

Received: 22 December 2021

ZTFLH:

TG174.4

Fund: National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFE0200900)

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	Hu WANG
	Lin ZHAO
	Yun PENG
	Xiaotao CAI
	Zhiling TIAN

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00577 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2023/V59/I2/226

Fig.1 SEM images of TiAl powders (a) and TiB₂ particles (b)

Fig.2 XRD spectra of coatings with different TiB₂ contents

Fig.3 OM (a) and back-scaterred electron (BSE) (b) images of middle region of the TiAl alloy coating

Fig.4 Low (a-c) and high (d-f) magnified BSE images of middle region of coatings with 10% (a, d), 20% (b, e), and 30% (c, f) TiB₂

Table 1 EDS results of the second phases in the composite coatings in Fig.4

Fig.5 OM images near the interface of coatings with different TiB₂ contents
(a) 0 (b) 10% (c) 20% (d) 30%

Fig.6 Microhardness distributions of coatings with different TiB₂ contents

Fig.7 Indentation morphologies of coatings with different TiB₂ contents
(a) 0 (b) 10% (c) 20% (d) 30%

Table 2 Fracture toughness values of coatings with different TiB₂ contents (indentation method)

Fig.8 Wear rates of coatings with different TiB₂ contents

Fig.9 Wear morphologies of coatings with different TiB₂ contents
(a) 0 (b) 10% (c) 20% (d) 30%

Fig.10 High power morphology of the spalling pit produced by abrasive particles under abrasive conditions

Fig.11 Roughnesses of wear surface of coatings with different TiB₂ contents (R_a—contour arithmetic mean deviation, R_z—ten-point height average)

Fig.12 3D morphologies of wear surface of coatings with different TiB₂ contents
(a) 0 (b) 10% (c) 20% (d) 30%

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