Research Status of Ductility-Dip Crack Occurring in Nuclear Nickel-Based Welding Materials

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00547

Acta Metall Sin

2022, Vol. 58

Issue (4): 529-540 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00547

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Research Status of Ductility-Dip Crack Occurring in Nuclear Nickel-Based Welding Materials

YU Chun¹, XU Jijin¹, WEI Xiao², LU Hao¹(

)

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
^2.Advanced Micro-Fabrication Equipment, Inc. (AMEC), Shanghai 201201, China

Cite this article:

YU Chun, XU Jijin, WEI Xiao, LU Hao. Research Status of Ductility-Dip Crack Occurring in Nuclear Nickel-Based Welding Materials. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(4): 529-540.

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Abstract

Nickel-based alloys and their welding materials have been the key materials in establishing key nuclear equipment due to their excellent corrosion-resistance and high-temperature mechanical properties. Therefore, the welding quality of nickel-based alloys is greatly responsible for the safe service of nuclear plants. However, ductility-dip crack (DDC) was commonly observed in the heat-affected zone during multipass welding. DDC is hard to detect by common nondestructive testing due to the micro‐size of the crack (approximately 100 μm in length). Hence, the high‐temperature DDC problem is a potential threat to the safety of nuclear plants. In this paper, the development of nuclear-level nickel-based alloys and their welding materials is reviewed. To solve the stress corrosion cracking occurring in the welding joint of Inconel 600, Inconel 690 was developed. However, a new reliability problem, DDC, was introduced. Researchers in the world developed Inconel 52, Inconel 52M, and Inconel 52MSS gradually from the design of the chemical components, and the DDC sensibility decreased. Presently, the DDC problem has not been solved completely. The evaluation methods of DDC were introduced, the cracking mechanisms were summarized, and the factors affecting the DDC were analyzed on the view of chemical components and microstructure. In conclusion, the research on DDC has been prospected briefly.

Key words: nickel-based alloy ductility-dip crack welding microstructure

Received: 13 December 2021

ZTFLH:

TG146.15

About author: LU Hao, professor, Tel: (021)34202548, E-mail: luhao@sjtu.edu.cn

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00547 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2022/V58/I4/529

Fig.1 Sketch map of ductility curves with temperature^[28] (Solid line presents the common materials, while the dotted line reflects the austenite materials; DTR—ductility-dip temperature region, BTR—brittle temperature region)

Fig.2 OM image of Inconel 52M weld metal (a) and SEM image of precipitates at high-angle grain boundary (b)^[42]

Fig.3 Schematic illustration of grain boundaries in nickel-based weld metals (a)^[45] and susceptible region of ductility-dip crack (DDC) (T_L is liquid temperature, T_S is solid temperature, T_R is recrystallization temperature, and T_X represents a certain temperature) (b)^[28]

Fig.4 Morphologies of DDC (a) and fracture surface (b) at 1000^oC in nickel-based alloy^[42]

Fig.5 Schematic illustration of improved specimen design (unit: mm)^[42]

Fig.6 In situ hot tensile test^[55]

Fig.7 Schematic illustrations of grain boundary sliding on the DDC initiation^[23]
(a) straight grain boundaries
(b) effect of intergranular precipitates
(c) effect of intergranular precipitates and tortuous grain boundaries

Fig.8 Carbide morphologies in Inconel 690 alloy after heat treatment at 650^oC for 5 h (a), 10 h (b), and 20 h (c), at 715^oC for 1 h (d), 10 h (e), and 20 h (f), and at 800^oC for 5 h (g), 10 h (h), and 20 h (i)^[89]

Fig.9 Grain boundary (GB) precipitates in Inconel 690 alloy correlated with the grain boundary misorientation^[90]
(a) high angle GB (b) low angle GB
(c) coherent twin GB (d) incoherent twin GB (TB—twin boundary)

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