Effect of Cold-Rolling Deformation on Microstructure, Properties, and Precipitation Behavior of High-Performance Cu-Ni-Si Alloys

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00208

Acta Metall Sin

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (5): 585-598 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00208

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Effect of Cold-Rolling Deformation on Microstructure, Properties, and Precipitation Behavior of High-Performance Cu-Ni-Si Alloys

WANG Changsheng¹^,², FU Huadong¹^,²^,³(

), ZHANG Hongtao¹^,², XIE Jianxin¹^,²^,³(

)

¹Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
²Beijing Laboratory of Metallic Materials and Processing for Modern Transportation, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
³Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing (MOE), University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

Cite this article:

WANG Changsheng, FU Huadong, ZHANG Hongtao, XIE Jianxin. Effect of Cold-Rolling Deformation on Microstructure, Properties, and Precipitation Behavior of High-Performance Cu-Ni-Si Alloys. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(5): 585-598.

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Abstract

The advancement of integrated circuit manufacturing process and chip packaging technology has improved the performance requirements for lead frame copper alloy. In the field of high-performance copper alloys, balancing and improving mechanical and electrical conductivity (EC) has been a challenge. This work investigates the effect of different cold-rolling deformations (0, 65%, 75%, 85%, and 95%) on the microstructure, properties, and precipitation behavior of Cu-3.0Ni-0.60Si-0.16Zn-0.15Cr-0.03P alloy to enhance its comprehensive performance through process control. The deformation-aging process parameters of high-performance Cu-Ni-Si alloys were determined by comparing the precipitation and recrystallization initial temperatures, microstructures, and properties of the samples after aging. The effect of cold-rolling deformation on precipitation kinetics and mechanism was studied. By optimizing the process parameters, the properties of the alloy are observed to be better than the existing Cu-Ni-Si alloys after 95% cold-rolling deformation and aging at 450^oC for 60 min, with an ultimate tensile strength of (841 ± 10) MPa, and an EC of (52.2 ± 0.3)%IACS. This work's relevant research findings can provide theoretical reference and data support for realizing the comprehensive property enhancement of high-performance copper alloys.

Key words: cold-rolling deformation aging precipitation microstructure precipitation kinetics

Received: 17 May 2021

ZTFLH:

TG146.1

Fund: National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFB0311101);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51974028);National Natural Science Foundation of China(92066205);Beijing Nova Programs(Z191100001119125);Fund for Xiaomi Young Scholars

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	WANG Changsheng
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	ZHANG Hongtao
	XIE Jianxin

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00208 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2023/V59/I5/585

Fig.1 DSC test results of the Cu-3.28Ni-0.60Si-0.22Zn-0.11Cr-0.04P alloy by different cold-rolling deformations (ε)
(a) ε = 0% (b) ε = 65% (c) ε = 75% (d) ε = 85% (e) ε = 95%
(f) precipitation temperatures and recrystallization initial temperatures

Fig.2 OM images of microstructures of the alloy after different cold-rolling deformations (RD—rolling direction, ND—normal direction)

Fig.3 Effect of cold-rolling deformation reduction on electrical conductivity and hardness of the alloy before aging treatment

Fig.4 OM images of microstructures of alloys with different cold-rolling reductions after aging for 60 min at 400^oC (a-d), 450^oC (e-h), and 500^oC (i-l)

Fig.5 Dislocation and early precipitates in 85% cold rolled alloy matrix
(a) TEM image of dislocation cell
(b) precipitates after aging for 20 min (indicated by arrows)
(c) HRTEM image of G.P. zone and early precipitates
(d) Fourier transform of speckles analysis of early precipitates

Fig.6 Distribution and morphologies of precipitates in the middle aging stage of 85% cold rolled wrought copper alloy
(a) 40 min aging (b) partial enlarged detail of Fig.6a and Fourier transform of precipitated phase
(c) 60 min aging (d) 90 min aging

Fig.7 Precipitated phase morphology, EDS, and SAED patterns of 85% cold-rolling deformed alloy after aging for 120 min
(a) bright-field TEM image of precipitated phase
(b) EDS of Cr₃Si (c) Cr₃Si SAED pattern (d) δ-Ni₂Si SAED pattern

Fig.8 Electrical conductivities (a, c, e) and hardnesses (b, d, f) of the alloy after cold-rolling deformation and aging at different temperatures
(a, b) 400^oC (c, d) 450^oC (e, f) 500^oC

Fig.9 Engineering stress-strain curves of the alloy after aging and alloys' properties distribution
(a) ε = 85%, 450^oC (b) ε = 95%, 400^oC
(c) ε = 95%, 450^oC (d) properties distribution^{[7,10,11,13,15,16,28,34]}

Fig.10 Relationships between aging time (t) and volume fraction (φ) of precipitated phase

Table 1 Values of coefficients n and b in Avrami equation for alloys at different aging temperatures

Fig.11 Experimental and calculated values of electrical conductivity of alloys at different temperatures

Fig.12 Influence of cold-rolling deformation on S curve of precipitation kinetics at different temperatures

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