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金属学报  2019, Vol. 55 Issue (8): 1049-1057    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00373
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TiC含量对铁基复合材料力学性能及耐磨性能的影响
董虎林,包海萍,彭建洪()
青海民族大学物理与电子信息工程学院 西宁 810007
Effect of TiC Contents on Mechanical Properties and Wear Resistance of Iron-Based Composites
Hulin DONG,Haiping BAO,Jianhong PENG()
Department of Physics and Electron Information Engineering, Qinghai University for Nationality, Xining 810007, China
引用本文:

董虎林,包海萍,彭建洪. TiC含量对铁基复合材料力学性能及耐磨性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(8): 1049-1057.
Hulin DONG, Haiping BAO, Jianhong PENG. Effect of TiC Contents on Mechanical Properties and Wear Resistance of Iron-Based Composites[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2019, 55(8): 1049-1057.

全文: PDF(12255 KB)   HTML
摘要: 

利用机械合金化(MA)和真空热压烧结(HP)的方法,以Ti粉、石墨粉和灰铸铁粉为初始原料,原位合成了TiC颗粒增强的铁基复合材料。利用XRD和FESEM (附带EDS)研究了复合材料的物相成分、微观结构和增强体的分布情况。利用密度测试仪、洛氏硬度计、电子万能试验机和销-盘式两体磨料磨损试验机分别测试了复合材料的密度、硬度、压缩应力-应变和抗两体磨料磨损性能。结果表明:在70 MPa压力下于1200 ℃烧结60 min制备的原位TiC颗粒增强的铁基复合材料只含TiC和α-Fe,并且TiC颗粒弥散均匀分布于Fe基体中。当原位TiC的含量为40% (质量分数)时,该复合材料的综合性能最佳,其相对密度和硬度分别达到96.54%和34 HRC (未热处理);同时压缩性能也最佳,其压缩弹性模量、屈服强度、最大压缩强度和断裂应变分别为19.6 GPa、420 MPa、605 MPa和6.1%;其具有最好的耐磨性能,当载荷为1.5 kg时,其相对耐磨性是纯灰铸铁的2.67倍。

关键词 : 原位反应,  TiC/Fe复合材料,  力学性能,  耐磨性能    
Abstract:

The TiC particle reinforced iron-based composite materials were prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) and vacuum hot-pressing (HPing) using titanium (99.9%, 75 μm), graphite (>99.9%, 10 μm) and grey cast iron (>99.5%, 25 μm) powders as starting materials. And TiC particles were also in situ synthesized during HPing. The phase composition, microstructures and distribution of TiC of as-fabricated composite materials were investigated using XRD and FESEM equipped with EDS. The density, hardness, compressive stress-strain and two-body abrasive wear behavior of as-fabricated composite materials were tested using densitometer, rockwell hardness tester, electro-mechanical universal testing machines and pin-on-disk type two body abrasive wear tester, respectively. The results confirm that the in situ synthesized TiC particulate reinforced iron-based composite materials only have TiC and α-Fe phases when sintered at 1200 ℃ for 60 min at the pressure of 70 MPa. The TiC particles were dispersed homogeneously in the iron matrix. The composite with TiC content of 40% (TiC40/Fe) possesses the best comprehensive performance among all as-produced TiC/Fe composites. Its relative density and hardness are 94% and 34 HRC (without heat treatment), respectively. And the compressive property of the TiC40/Fe composite is the best too. Its elastic modulus, yield strength, maximum compressive strength and fracture strain are 19.6 GPa, 420 MPa, 605 MPa and 6.1%, respectively. The TiC40/Fe composite has the best wear resistance, especially at 1.5 kg load, its relative wear resistance is 2.67 times higher than that of pure grey casting iron.

Key words: in situ reaction    TiC/Fe composite    mechanical property    wear resistance
收稿日期: 2018-08-16     
ZTFLH:  TB333  
基金资助:国际科技合作项目((No.2015DFR50990));青海省国际科技合作专项项目(Nos.2014-HZ-819 and 2015-HZ-811)
作者简介: 董虎林,男,1990年生,硕士生
图1  纯灰铸铁和TiC颗粒增强铁基复合材料的XRD谱
图2  TiC颗粒增强的铁基复合材料的SEM像和EDS
Sampleρt / (g·cm-3)ρm / (g·cm-3)ρr / %Porosity / %
20%TiC/Fe7.2406.77893.626.38
30%TiC/Fe6.7256.35294.455.55
40%TiC/Fe6.2586.04296.543.46
50%TiC/Fe5.9905.46491.218.79
表1  原位TiC颗粒增强的铁基复合材料的致密性
图3  原位TiC颗粒增强铁基复合材料的Rockwell硬度
图4  原位TiC颗粒增强铁基复合材料和纯灰铸铁的压缩应力-应变曲线
图5  纯灰铸铁和原位TiC颗粒增强铁基复合材料的压缩断裂实物图
Load / kgPure grey iron20%TiC/Fe30%TiC/Fe40%TiC/Fe50%TiC/Fe
0.50.00590.00560.00370.00250.0045
1.00.00890.00790.00450.00360.0053
1.50.01050.00840.00470.00390.0061
2.00.01130.00860.00520.00440.0067
2.50.01160.00870.00660.00540.0077
表2  纯灰铸铁和原位TiC颗粒增强铁基复合材料的体积磨损量
Load / kg20%TiC/Fe30%TiC/Fe40%TiC/Fe50%TiC/Fe
0.51.061.592.331.70
1.01.111.982.481.75
1.51.392.382.671.90
2.01.122.062.481.45
2.51.341.512.161.75
表3  原位TiC颗粒增强铁基复合材料的相对耐磨性
图6  2.5 kg载荷下纯灰铸铁和原位TiC颗粒增强的铁基复合材料磨损表面形貌的SEM像
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