含<strong>He</strong>泡液态金属铝的动态拉伸断裂机制与损伤模型

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00175

金属学报

2025, Vol. 61

Issue (4): 643-652 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00175

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

含He泡液态金属铝的动态拉伸断裂机制与损伤模型

周婷婷(

), 赵福祺, 周洪强, 张凤国, 殷建伟

北京应用物理与计算数学研究所北京 100094

Mechanism and Damage Model for the Dynamic Tensile Fracture of Liquid Aluminum Containing He Bubbles

ZHOU Tingting(

), ZHAO Fuqi, ZHOU Hongqiang, ZHANG Fengguo, YIN Jianwei

Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China

引用本文:

周婷婷, 赵福祺, 周洪强, 张凤国, 殷建伟. 含He泡液态金属铝的动态拉伸断裂机制与损伤模型[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(4): 643-652.
Tingting ZHOU, Fuqi ZHAO, Hongqiang ZHOU, Fengguo ZHANG, Jianwei YIN. Mechanism and Damage Model for the Dynamic Tensile Fracture of Liquid Aluminum Containing He Bubbles[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(4): 643-652.

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摘要:

为揭示辐照缺陷(如He泡)对液态金属动态断裂的影响，并发展相应的损伤理论模型，本工作采用分子动力学模拟和连续介质力学理论计算研究了宽应变率范围内含He泡液态金属铝的动态拉伸断裂行为。模拟结果表明，在3.0 × 10⁶~3.0 × 10⁹ s^-1应变率范围内，He泡增长是导致液态金属断裂的物理机制；在极高应变率下(如3.0 × 10¹⁰ s^-1)，除He泡增长，也观察到孔洞成核、增长，但He泡增长仍占据主导地位。He泡增长过程可分为快速增长和较慢增长2个阶段，该阶段性增长特征不受应变率影响，但He泡增长速率随着应变率的升高而显著增加。与液态纯Al相比，含He泡液态金属铝的动态拉伸强度显著降低，该差异在极高应变率下有所减小。进一步发展了含He泡液态金属的损伤断裂模型，采用该模型的理论计算结果与微观模拟结果在宽应变率范围内相符。

关键词 ：动态断裂, He泡, 液态金属, 分子动力学, 损伤模型

Abstract：

The dynamic fracture of metals in liquid state has become a subject of considerable interest in current times because of its observation in various physical and technological processes such as inertial confinement fusion and high-power laser-driven surface micromachining. In addition, it has been found that the fractures at elevated temperature are highly correlated with the microstructure of materials. He bubbles are frequently observed in many metals exposed to irradiation environments as a result of radioactive or self-irradiation. Both experimental and theoretical studies have indicated that He bubbles can substantially affect the mechanical properties of irradiated metals, resulting in hardening, swelling, and embrittlement. In recent years, attention has been drawn to understand the effects of He bubbles on the dynamic properties of materials, including shock compression, dynamic fracture, and surface ejection. This study examines the dynamic tensile fracture behavior of liquid aluminum containing He bubbles across a wide range of strain rates by utilizing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and continuum modeling. The physical mechanism leading to the dynamic fracture is revealed to be predominated by the growth of He bubble. Under strain rates ranging from 3.0 × 10⁶ s^-1 to 3.0 × 10⁹ s^-1, tension primarily induces bubble growth. At higher strain rates, such as 3.0 × 10¹⁰ s^-1, both bubble growth and void nucleation-growth are observed, although bubble growth remains the dominant factor. The growth of He bubbles unfolds in two distinct phases: rapid growth followed by slower growth. These staged evolutionary characteristics appear to be consistent across strain rates, but the growth rate of helium bubbles markedly increases with increasing strain rates. Furthermore, the dynamic tensile strength at varying strain rates indicates a significant reduction for the metal containing He bubbles compared to the pure metal. However, this discrepancy decreases at extremely high strain rates, such as 3.0 × 10¹⁰ s^-1. In addition, a continuum damage model is constructed based on the insights obtained from MD simulations to describe the dynamic tensile fracture of liquid metal containing He bubbles. This model accounts for external tensile stress, internal pressure of He bubbles, inertia, viscosity, and surface tension. Theoretical calculations using the damage model and the binomial equation of state, which depict the pressure-volume relationship of the metal substrate, exhibit excellent agreement with MD data over a wide range of strain rates. This includes the evolution of the tensile stress and He bubble radius. The self-consistent MD-continuum model proposed in this study has the potential to be applied in macroscopic hydrodynamic simulations, to depict the dynamic tensile fracture behavior of liquid metal with He bubbles.

Key words： dynamic fracture He bubble liquid metal molecular dynamics damage model

收稿日期: 2023-04-20

ZTFLH:

TG113.25

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(12172063)

通讯作者: 周婷婷，zhou_tingting@iapcm.ac.cn，主要从事材料动态力学行为研究

Corresponding author: ZHOU Tingting, associate professor, Tel: (010)59872646, E-mail: zhou_tingting@iapcm.ac.cn

作者简介: 周婷婷，女，1986年生，副研究员，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00175 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V61/I4/643

图1 含He泡液态金属铝(简称含He泡铝)样品的初始结构与分子动力学(MD) (1100 K)优化后的结构

图2 应变率为3.0 × 108 s-1时纯Al和含He泡铝样品在拉伸过程中的He泡与孔洞演化

图3 应变率为3.0 × 108 s-1时含He泡铝样品在拉伸过程中的拉伸应力(P)、He泡半径(R)以及He泡内压(Pg)随时间的变化

图4 应变率为3.0 × 108 s-1时纯Al样品与含He泡铝样品在拉伸过程中的拉伸应力及He泡/孔洞体积随时间的变化

图5 应变率为3.0 × 109和3.0 × 107 s-1时含He泡铝样品在拉伸过程中的He泡演化

图7 含He泡铝样品和纯Al样品的动态拉伸强度随应变率的变化

图8 应变率为3.0 × 1010 s-1时含He泡铝样品在拉伸过程中的微结构演化

$ε ˙$ / s^-1	R₀ / nm	$p g 0$ / GPa	γ / (J·m^-2)	n	K₁ / GPa	K₂ / GPa	η / (Pa·s)
3.0 × 10⁶	1.868	0.632	0.59	4.6	51	130	0.03
3.0 × 10⁷	1.868	0.632	0.59	4.6	51	130	0.006
3.0 × 10⁸	1.868	0.632	0.59	4.6	51	130	0.0025
3.0 × 10⁹	1.868	0.632	0.59	4.6	51	130	0.0012

表1 损伤理论模型中的参数

图9 模型计算与MD模拟得到的不同应变率下含He泡铝样品的拉伸应力和He泡半径随时间的变化，及动态拉伸强度

图10 不同应变率下损伤模型中的黏性系数

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