热输入对电弧增材制造船用高强钢组织与力学性能的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00161

金属学报

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (10): 1311-1323 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00161

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

热输入对电弧增材制造船用高强钢组织与力学性能的影响

侯旭儒¹^,², 赵琳²(

), 任淑彬¹, 彭云²(

), 马成勇², 田志凌²

^1.北京科技大学新材料技术研究院北京 100083
^2.钢铁研究总院北京 100081

Effect of Heat Input on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Marine High Strength Steel Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

HOU Xuru¹^,², ZHAO Lin²(

), REN Shubin¹, PENG Yun²(

), MA Chengyong², TIAN Zhiling²

^1.Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
^2.Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China

引用本文:

侯旭儒, 赵琳, 任淑彬, 彭云, 马成勇, 田志凌. 热输入对电弧增材制造船用高强钢组织与力学性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(10): 1311-1323.
Xuru HOU, Lin ZHAO, Shubin REN, Yun PENG, Chengyong MA, Zhiling TIAN. Effect of Heat Input on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Marine High Strength Steel Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(10): 1311-1323.

全文: PDF(7229 KB) HTML

摘要:

采用冷金属过渡(CMT)技术+脉冲(P)电弧增材制造工艺制备了不同热输入的590 MPa (屈服强度)级船用高强钢构件，利用OM、SEM、EBSD和TEM等方法研究了热输入对成形构件组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明，热输入为5.6 kJ/cm时，构件显微组织主要为上贝氏体和粒状贝氏体，马氏体-奥氏体(M-A)组元面积分数约为14.82%，有效大角度晶界(晶界角度α > 45°)长度占比为36.3%，构件在横向和纵向的抗拉强度分别达到843和858 MPa，平均硬度为286 HV，但其-50℃冲击吸收功分别仅为15和16 J；而当热输入增加至13.5 kJ/cm时，低冷却速率和高有效夹杂物(夹杂物尺寸d > 0.4 μm)含量促使增材制造构件组织中形成大量针状铁素体，同时还出现了板条贝氏体和少量粒状贝氏体，M-A组元面积分数降低至4.21%，有效大角度晶界长度占比增至52.4%，构件在横向和纵向的抗拉强度分别降低至723和705 MPa，与此同时，构件平均硬度也降低至258 HV，但其低温冲击吸收功大幅提高，分别达到了109和127 J，约是低热输入条件下构件低温冲击吸收功的7~8倍，冲击断裂特征也由准解理断裂转变为典型的韧性断裂。

关键词 ：船用高强钢, 电弧增材制造, 热输入, 针状铁素体, 马氏体-奥氏体组元, 力学性能

Abstract：

Marine-grade high strength steel (yield strength = 590 MPa) is a low-carbon, low-alloy steel characterized by high strength and toughness, excellent weldability, and seawater corrosion resistance. Thus, it is suitable for structural applications and widely used in the shipbuilding industry. Recently, wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has attracted significant attention worldwide because of its high deposition rates and material utilization ratios, low material and equipment costs, and good structural integrity. However, the research on WAAM of 590 MPa marine-grade high strength steel is limited. In this work, 590 MPa marine-grade high strength steel components were produced by cold metal transfer and pulse-arc additive manufacturing (CMT + P-WAAM). The effect of the heat input on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the developed steel were investigated using several techniques, including OM, SEM, EBSD, and TEM. The results indicate that at a heat input of 5.6 kJ/cm, the microstructures of the WAAM deposited metals are mainly upper bainite and granular bainite, the area fraction of the martensite-austenite (M-A) constituents accounts for about 14.82%, the length ratio of the effective high-angle grain boundary (grain boundary angle α > 45°) is 36.3%, the tensile strength of the deposited metals are 843 and 858 MPa in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, and the average microhardness is about 286 HV. However, its impact absorbed energy at -50^oC is only 15 and 16 J in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. At a heat input of 13.5 kJ/cm, the low cooling rate and the high inclusion (inclusion size d > 0.4 μm) content promote the formation of a large quantity of acicular ferrites with lath bainites and a small amount of granular bainites. The area fraction of the M-A constituents is reduced to 4.21%, and the length ratio of the effective high-angle grain boundary is increased to 52.4%. The tensile strength of the deposited metals in the horizontal and vertical directions is reduced to 723 and 705 MPa, respectively. Similarly, the average microhardness is also reduced to 258 HV, but the low-temperature impact absorbed energy is greatly improved, reaching 109 and 127 J, respectively, which is 7-8 times that of the WAAM deposited metal at a low heat input. The impact fracture characteristics also changed from a quasi-cleavage fracture to a typical ductile fracture.

Key words： marine high strength steel wire arc additive manufacturing heat input acicular ferrite martensite-austenite (M-A) constituent mechanical property

收稿日期: 2022-04-08

ZTFLH:

TG40

基金资助:基础加强计划重点基础研究项目(2021-JCJQ-ZD-075-11);钢铁研究总院自主投入研发专项项目(21H62630B)

通讯作者: 赵琳，hhnds@aliyun.com，主要从事激光加工、增材制造和先进焊接研究；
彭云，pengyun@cisri.com.cn，主要从事激光材料加工、材料焊接、焊接材料和材料加工过程计算机模拟研究

Corresponding author: ZHAO Lin, professor, Tel: (010)62182946, E-mail: hhnds@aliyun.com;
PENG Yun, professor, Tel: (010)62185578, E-mail: pengyun@cisri.com.cn

作者简介: 侯旭儒，男，1993年生，博士生

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表1 丝材与基板的化学成分 (mass fraction / %)

图1 590 MPa级船用高强钢电弧增材制造(WAAM)系统、成形路径及取样位置示意图

图2 拉伸试样、冲击试样及其断口EBSD样品示意图

图3 WAAM构件A的显微组织

图4 WAAM构件B的显微组织

图5 590 MPa级高强钢成形金属连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线

图6 2种热输入下WAAM构件夹杂物的OM像、粒径分布、构件B夹杂物的TEM明场像及其EDS分析

图7 2种热输入下WAAM构件硬度测试区及硬度分布

表2 2种热输入下WAAM 590 MPa级船用高强钢构件的力学性能

图8 WAAM构件A和B的冲击断口形貌

图9 WAAM构件A和B中M-A组元分布的OM像

图10 WAAM构件A和B中不同角度晶界的EBSD像

图11 WAAM构件A和B冲击断口表面下方的EBSD像

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