<strong>Ag-CuO</strong>触点材料侵蚀过程的演化动力学及力学性能

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00498

金属学报

2022, Vol. 58

Issue (10): 1305-1315 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00498

研究论文

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Ag-CuO触点材料侵蚀过程的演化动力学及力学性能

马敏静¹, 屈银虎¹, 王哲¹^,²(

), 王军¹, 杜丹¹

^1.西安工程大学材料工程学院西安 710048
^2.西安交通大学物理学院西安 710049

Dynamics Evolution and Mechanical Properties of the Erosion Process of Ag-CuO Contact Materials

MA Minjing¹, QU Yinhu¹, WANG Zhe¹^,²(

), WANG Jun¹, DU Dan¹

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
^2.School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China

引用本文:

马敏静, 屈银虎, 王哲, 王军, 杜丹. Ag-CuO触点材料侵蚀过程的演化动力学及力学性能[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(10): 1305-1315.
Minjing MA, Yinhu QU, Zhe WANG, Jun WANG, Dan DU. Dynamics Evolution and Mechanical Properties of the Erosion Process of Ag-CuO Contact Materials[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(10): 1305-1315.

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摘要:

基于Ag-45CuO (骨架Ag-CuO)和Ag-20CuO (岛状Ag-CuO)触点材料的微观结构特征,利用物相识别结合显微结构分析重建了Ag-CuO材料的三维尺度模型,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法模拟了侵蚀作用下CuO微观结构的动态演变和重构过程。实验和模拟结果表明,反复的热冲击导致岛状Ag-CuO熔池表面形成火山口状凹坑,而骨架Ag-CuO熔池表面较为光滑。这是由于骨架Ag-CuO触点局部间隙作为CuO骨架重构的驱动力,可使重构后的CuO呈现出更明显的各向异性,从而有效束缚熔池中Ag的蒸发与偏析；而岛状Ag-CuO触点开断过程并未发生明显的CuO重构现象,其基体内岛状CuO结构易使触点在反复侵蚀作用下失效。随后,利用视觉识别技术结合有限元法,逆向重建了骨架Ag-CuO和岛状Ag-CuO触点表层局部的三维模型,进一步研究了CuO微观结构对触点表层力学性能的影响。结果表明,相比于岛状CuO结构,骨架CuO结构的相界面处不易产生应力和应变集中,该结构可有效分散熔池表面局部冲击力,显著提高触点的抗侵蚀性能。

关键词 ： Ag-CuO触点材料, 抗侵蚀特性, 骨架重构, 微观结构演变, 力学性能

Abstract：

Silver-copper oxide (Ag-CuO) materials are gaining more and more interest in the low voltage switches' field owing to their lower material transfer characteristics. However, with increasing arc erosion during the make-and-break operations, the CuO microstructure's dynamic evolution is complicated by the interaction of the convection-diffusion with the flow path. Therefore, tuning the microstructure to maximize the arc erosion properties of Ag-CuO contact materials using the dynamic model is crucial for their application in switches. In this study, three-dimensional models of Ag-CuO contacts were reconstructed by phase identification and microstructure analysis, using the microstructure characteristics of the Ag-45CuO (skeleton-restricted Ag-CuO) and Ag-20CuO (island-restricted Ag-CuO) contact materials. In parallel, the arc erosion dynamics of the microstructure evolution and skeleton reconstruction process were tracked and explored by employing computational fluid dynamics simulations. Experiment and simulation findings both indicate that the repetitive thermal effect can cause the formation of a cratered and smooth molten pool surface in island-restricted Ag-CuO and skeleton-restricted Ag-CuO, respectively. The local gap of skeleton-restricted Ag-CuO contact can function as the driving force to reconstruct the CuO skeleton, the newly formed CuO with an anisotropic microstructure, which can impede Ag's segregation and evaporation in the molten pool. The restructures of CuO are unimportant for the island-restricted Ag-CuO contact, and the continuous erosion impact of island CuO can render the contact invalid. Additionally, the CuO microstructure's effect on the mechanical properties of Ag-CuO contacts was examined by employing the local three-dimensional models, which were reconstructed using the visual recognition technology combined with the finite element approach. The findings exhibit that the skeleton CuO structure was less susceptible to stress and strain concentration at the molten pool surface compared with the island CuO structure, which can efficiently disperse the local effect force on the molten pool and can substantially enhance the Ag-CuO contact's erosion resistance.

Key words： Ag-CuO contact material erosion resistance skeleton reconstruction dynamic microstructure evolution mechanical property

收稿日期: 2021-11-18

ZTFLH:

TG146.3

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(52007137);国家自然科学基金项目(51607132);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2021M702566);陕西省教育厅科研计划专项项目(20JK0661)

作者简介: 马敏静,女,1994年生,硕士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00498 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2022/V58/I10/1305

图1 Ag-CuO触点材料实验和模拟流程图

表1 模型的物性参数[21,22]

图2 Ag-20CuO和Ag-45CuO触点材料的XRD谱、SEM像、EDS及其微观组织模拟图

图3 岛状Ag-CuO和骨架Ag-CuO触点表面侵蚀的模拟和实验图

图4 不同开断次数模拟条件下Ag-CuO触点熔池中CuO浓度曲线

图5 第1 × 103 cyc开断模拟过程中Ag-CuO触点熔池的表面形貌和Ag相的动态演化图

图6 1 × 104 cyc开断后触点垂直剖面的SEM像和模拟图

图7 岛状Ag-CuO和骨架Ag-CuO触点熔池表面的物相识别图及侵蚀层的三维模型图

图8 岛状Ag-CuO和骨架Ag-CuO触点熔池表面的变形、应力和轮廓图

图9 岛状Ag-CuO和骨架Ag-CuO触点熔池表面侵蚀层的力学性能

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