高能球磨结合粉末冶金法制备碳纳米管增强<strong>7055Al</strong>复合材料的微观组织和力学性能

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00238

金属学报

2021, Vol. 57

Issue (1): 71-81 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00238

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

高能球磨结合粉末冶金法制备碳纳米管增强7055Al复合材料的微观组织和力学性能

毕胜¹^,², 李泽琛³, 孙海霞³, 宋保永³, 刘振宇¹(

), 肖伯律¹, 马宗义¹

^1.中国科学院金属研究所师昌绪先进材料创新中心沈阳 110016
^2.中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110016
^3.北京宇航系统工程研究所北京 100076

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes-Reinforced 7055Al Composites Fabricated by High-Energy Ball Milling and Powder Metallurgy Processing

BI Sheng¹^,², LI Zechen³, SUN Haixia³, SONG Baoyong³, LIU Zhenyu¹(

), XIAO Bolv¹, MA Zongyi¹

^1.Shi -Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
^3.Beijing Institute of Aerospace Systems Engineering, Beijing 100076, China

引用本文:

毕胜, 李泽琛, 孙海霞, 宋保永, 刘振宇, 肖伯律, 马宗义. 高能球磨结合粉末冶金法制备碳纳米管增强7055Al复合材料的微观组织和力学性能[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(1): 71-81.
Sheng BI, Zechen LI, Haixia SUN, Baoyong SONG, Zhenyu LIU, Bolv XIAO, Zongyi MA. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes-Reinforced 7055Al Composites Fabricated by High-Energy Ball Milling and Powder Metallurgy Processing[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(1): 71-81.

全文: PDF(17863 KB) HTML

摘要:

采用高能球磨结合粉末冶金工艺制备了碳纳米管(CNT)含量(体积分数)分别为0、1%和3%的CNT/7055Al复合材料。采用OM、SEM、TEM以及拉伸实验等方法研究了CNT/7055Al复合材料的CNT分布、晶粒结构、近界面结构及力学性能，分析了复合材料的强化机制和各向异性。结果表明，CNT/7055Al复合材料为无CNT的粗晶区与富集CNT的超细晶区组成的双模态晶粒结构；CNT在Al基体的超细晶区中分散良好，CNT-Al界面干净清洁，界面反应产物少；3%CNT/7055Al复合材料沿挤压方向的抗拉强度达到816 MPa，但延伸率仅为0.5%。细晶强化和Orowan强化是CNT/7055Al复合材料主要的强化机制。由于CNT沿不同方向的增强效率不同以及粗晶条带组织的存在，复合材料表现出比基体合金更强烈的各向异性，在垂直挤压方向的拉伸性能要弱于沿挤压方向的拉伸性能。

关键词 ：碳纳米管, 铝基复合材料, 力学性能, 各向异性, 高能球磨, 粉末冶金

Abstract：

In the recent years, lightweight and high-strength structural materials have gained much attention in engineering applications. Carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced Al (CNT/Al) composites are promising structural materials owing to the good mechanical properties and high reinforcing efficiency of CNTs. Previous studies on these composites mainly focused on fabricating CNT-reinforced low-strength or medium-high-strength Al alloys (such as pure Al, or 2xxx series or 6xxx series Al alloys) composites via various dispersion methods. However, only few studies investigated composites with super-high-strength Al alloys as the matrices. In the present work, CNT/7055Al composites with CNT volume fractions of 0%, 1%, and 3% were prepared by high-energy ball milling combined with powder metallurgy. The CNT distribution, grain structure, interface, and mechanical properties of the CNT/7055Al composite were investigated using OM, SEM, TEM, and tensile tests. The strengthening mechanism and anisotropy of the composite were analyzed. The results indicated that the composite had a bimodal grain structure consisting of CNT-free coarse grain zones and CNT-enriched ultrafine grain zones. CNTs were well dispersed in the ultrafine grain zones of the Al matrix, and the CNT/Al interface was clean. There were only few reaction products at the interface. The tensile strength of the 3%CNT/7055Al composite reached 816 MPa, but the elongation was only 0.5%. Grain refinement and Orowan strengthening were the main strengthening mechanisms of the CNT/7055Al composite. Because of the load transfer efficiency of CNTs and a coarse grain band structure, the composite exhibited stronger anisotropy than the matrix alloy. The tensile properties of the CNT/7055Al composite normal to the extrusion direction were weaker than those in the extrusion direction.

Key words： carbon nanotube (CNT) aluminum matrix composites mechanical property anisotropy high-energy ball milling powder metallurgy

收稿日期: 2020-07-06

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51931009);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0703104);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究计划项目(QYZDJ-SSW-JSC015);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2020197)

作者简介: 毕胜，男，1990年生，博士生

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图1 7055Al合金球形粉末和碳纳米管(CNTs)的SEM像

图2 T6态CNT/7055Al复合材料OM像和背散射SEM像

图3 T6态1%CNT/7055Al复合材料晶粒结构和CNT分布的TEM像

图4 T6态CNT/7055Al复合材料细晶区晶粒的TEM像

图5 T6态1%CNT/7055Al复合材料中粗晶内和细晶内析出相的TEM像

图6 3%CNT/7055Al复合材料球磨6 h粉末及T6态复合材料的归一化Raman光谱

图7 T6态1%CNT/7055Al复合材料中CNT-Al近界面的HRTEM像

表1 T6态CNT/7055Al复合材料的力学性能

图8 不同体系的CNT/Al复合材料的力学性能

表2 T6态7055Al及1%CNT/7055Al复合材料在不同方向拉伸性能

图9 拉伸方向平行于挤压方向和垂直挤压方向时T6态1%CNT/7055Al复合材料拉伸断口的SEM像(a, b) tension direction parallel to extrusion direction(c, d) tension direction perpendicular to extrusion direction

表3 析出相平均间距(λp)与平均半径(r)的测量结果

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