热等静压成形<strong>Inconel 718</strong>粉末合金的显微组织和力学性能

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00586

金属学报

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (5): 693-702 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00586

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热等静压成形Inconel 718粉末合金的显微组织和力学性能

徐磊¹(

), 田晓生¹^,², 吴杰¹, 卢正冠¹, 杨锐¹

¹中国科学院金属研究所师昌绪先进材料创新中心沈阳 110016
²中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110016

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 718 Powder Alloy Prepared by Hot Isostatic Pressing

XU Lei¹(

), TIAN Xiaosheng¹^,², WU Jie¹, LU Zhengguan¹, YANG Rui¹

¹Shi -changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
²School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

徐磊, 田晓生, 吴杰, 卢正冠, 杨锐. 热等静压成形Inconel 718粉末合金的显微组织和力学性能[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(5): 693-702.
Lei XU, Xiaosheng TIAN, Jie WU, Zhengguan LU, Rui YANG. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 718 Powder Alloy Prepared by Hot Isostatic Pressing[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(5): 693-702.

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摘要:

采用无坩埚感应熔炼超声气体雾化法(electrode induction melting gas atomization，EIGA)制备了Inconel 718预合金粉末，并利用SEM对合金粉末进行了表征，通过预合金粉末热等静压工艺制备了Inconel 718粉末合金坯料并测试了力学性能。研究结果表明，镍基合金Inconel 718易于制得化学成分满足要求的洁净粉末，但热等静压过程中碳化物形成元素扩散至粉末表面，并以氧化物为核心生成包含Ti和Nb的碳化物以及Ni₃Nb的硬质薄膜，形成粉末高温合金的原始颗粒边界(prior particle boundaries，PPBs)，使粉末合金的塑性、韧性和持久性能低于锻造合金。通过后续工艺抑制或消除热等静压过程中产生的原始颗粒边界可显著提升材料的综合力学性能。

关键词 ： Inconel 718合金, 粉末冶金, 热等静压, 原始颗粒边界

Abstract：

Inconel 718 alloy, with outstanding high-temperature resistance and mechanical properties, has been widely used in aviation fields. However, large and complex structural components are difficult to produce by traditional processes, which may lead to segregation, micropores, and Laves phases. Net-shape hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is a powder metallurgy processing technology that produces near-shape or net-shape components with the desired microstructures, properties, and cost effectiveness. In this study, Inconel 718 pre-alloyed powder was prepared using the electrode induction melting gas atomization technique, and then the pre-alloyed powder was characterized. Powder compacts were prepared by the HIP of the pre-alloyed powder, and their mechanical properties were tested. Although clean, high-quality powder can be obtained from Inconel 718 alloy due to its lower chemical reactivity compared to titanium alloys, carbide-forming elements diffuse to the powder surface during HIP. These form a hard film with the original oxide particles as nuclei, consisting of Ni₃Nb and carbides of Ti and Nb. These films become prior particle boundaries (PPBs) in the obtained powder metallurgy Inconel 718 alloy, resulting in lower ductility, toughness, and stress rupture life than those of the wrought version of the alloy. Suppressing the formation of the PPBs during HIP or eliminating them via subsequent processing significantly improves the comprehensive mechanical properties of the material.

Key words： Inconel 718 alloy powder metallurgy hot isostatic pressing prior particle boundary

收稿日期: 2021-12-28

ZTFLH:

TG132.32

基金资助:国家科技重大专项项目(J2019-VII-0005-0145);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目(XDA22010102);稳定支持基础研究领域青年团队计划项目(YSBR-025)

作者简介: 徐磊，男，1977年生，研究员，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00586 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2023/V59/I5/693

图1 异形圆柱包套尺寸示意图

图2 Inconel 718预合金粉末粒度分布

图3 Inconel 718预合金粉末XRD谱

图4 Inconel 718预合金粉末颗粒表面形貌

图5 Inconel 718粉末冶金构件局部解剖照片及室温拉伸断口

表1 Inconel 718粉末合金构件本体和随炉试棒的力学性能

图6 异形圆柱包套不同位置处Inconel 718粉末合金的相对密度仿真结果

图7 Inconel 718粉末合金室温和650℃拉伸力学性能

图8 Inconel 718粉末合金构件工业及显微CT测试结果

图9 随炉包套试棒及Inconel 718粉末合金构件的显微组织及EDS结果

表2 Inconel 718部件原始颗粒边界处的EDS结果 (mass fraction / %)

图10 Inconel 718构件样品的拉伸断口和断口纵截面的微观组织

图11 不同批次Inconel 718粉末合金坯料中PPBs面积占比和合金力学性能的关系

图12 不同粉末粒度Inconel 718粉末合金的显微组织

图13 Inconel 718粉末合金复压前后显微组织

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