表面状态对核电关键材料腐蚀和应力腐蚀的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00123

金属学报

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (4): 513-522 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00123

综述

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表面状态对核电关键材料腐蚀和应力腐蚀的影响

韩恩厚¹^,²^,³(

), 王俭秋¹

¹中国科学院金属研究所中国科学院核用材料与安全评价重点实验室沈阳 110016
²广东腐蚀科学与技术创新研究院广州 510535
³华南理工大学材料科学与工程学院广州 511442

Effect of Surface State on Corrosion and Stress Corrosion for Nuclear Materials

HAN En-Hou¹^,²^,³(

), WANG Jianqiu¹

¹CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
²Institute of Corrosion Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510535, China
³School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China

引用本文:

韩恩厚, 王俭秋. 表面状态对核电关键材料腐蚀和应力腐蚀的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(4): 513-522.
En-Hou HAN, Jianqiu WANG. Effect of Surface State on Corrosion and Stress Corrosion for Nuclear Materials[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(4): 513-522.

全文: PDF(2944 KB) HTML

摘要:

全球迄今发生的核电安全事件往往是由局部腐蚀造成，而局部腐蚀从表面起始。表面状态如何影响腐蚀，以及辐照和应力与之的交互作用已经成为核电站运行安全性、可靠性、经济性保障的重要技术难题之一。本文系统总结了在过去十余年的国家系列项目支持下，针对核电用关键结构材料在不同表面加工与划伤后微观组织变化、在模拟核电站一回路水中的腐蚀、应力腐蚀和辐照促进应力腐蚀行为，并将这些腐蚀行为与材料的微观组织以及力学、辐照等多因素相关联。结果表明，打磨、划伤和切削加工都会使材料近表面产生不同程度的梯度结构，表面变形层状态存在较大差异。划伤后，在划伤底部存在大于屈服极限的残余压应力。相同粗糙度的切削加工表面，机加工参数不同可以导致深度方向上形成的纳米晶区、晶粒畸变区梯度结构明显不同。这种微观组织与局部应力应变条件使得材料抗腐蚀能力差异显著，例如划伤导致的应力腐蚀裂纹数量与划伤深度正相关。在辐照、腐蚀、应力的联合作用下，辐照促进应力腐蚀敏感性进一步升高。最后展望了未来发展趋势。

关键词 ：表面状态, 腐蚀, 应力腐蚀, 辐照促进应力腐蚀, 核电材料, 不锈钢, 镍基合金

Abstract：

Global nuclear power events are often caused by local corrosion, which starts at the surface. The effect of the surface state on corrosion and the interaction among corrosion, irradiation, and stress are important technical problems affecting the safety, reliability, and economy of nuclear power plants. In this paper, supported by a series of national projects in the last 10 years, the various surface state effects, for key structural materials used in nuclear power plants after surface finishing, grinding, machining, or scratching, on corrosion and stress corrosion behaviors in the simulated primary water of nuclear power plants are reviewed. The results show that surface grinding, scratching, or cutting can cause the formation of microstructures of different gradients near the surface and also cause large differences in surface deformation. For example, the residual compressive stress is greater than the yield stress in the superficial surface of the scratch; the different cutting parameters can cause the various gradient structures of the nanocrystalline and grain distortion zones to form along the depth of the cutting surface with similar surface roughness. Such microstructures and local stress-strain conditions lead to significant differences in corrosion resistance. For example, the number of stress corrosion cracks is positively correlated with scratch depth. Under the combined action of irradiation, corrosion, and stress, irradiation-assisted stress corrosion is further enhanced. Finally, the future research trend on the topic is forecast.

Key words： surface state corrosion stress corrosion irradiation-assisted stress corrosion nuclear material stainless steel nickel-based alloy

收稿日期: 2023-03-24

ZTFLH:

TG171

基金资助:国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2011CB610500);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2006CB610500);国家重大科技专项项目(2011ZX06004-009);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFE0105200);中国科学院重点部署项目(ZDRW-CN-2017-1);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究计划项目(QYZDY-SSW-JSC012)

通讯作者: 韩恩厚，ehhan@scut.edu.cn，主要从事材料腐蚀机理、腐蚀控制技术、装备服役安全评定技术研究与工程应用

Corresponding author: HAN En-Hou, professor, Tel: (020)22309460, E-mail: ehhan@scut.edu.cn

作者简介: 韩恩厚，男，1961年生，教授，博士

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图1 不同表面状态690TT合金冷加工影响层截面的TEM像和选区电子衍射花样[11]

图2 690TT合金表面划伤的截面[16]

图3 7种切削加工工艺的核用304不锈钢样品近表面截面的EBSD分析[18]

图4 电解抛光和SiO2机械抛光316L不锈钢样品在核电一回路高温高压水中腐蚀500 h后氧化膜的TEM分析[20]

图5 核用304不锈钢切削加工影响区内变形带腐蚀的TEM形貌[18]

图6 应力腐蚀裂纹沿划伤沟槽晶界、滑移台阶生长[35]

图7 核级304不锈钢无应变与3%应变样品的沿晶氧化与辐照剂量的关系；辐照促进应力腐蚀开裂的敏感性(裂纹数量与长度)与辐照剂量的关系[46]

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