Aluminum Alloys: Solute Atom Clusters and Their Strengthening

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00301

Acta Metall Sin

2021, Vol. 57

Issue (11): 1484-1498 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00301

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Aluminum Alloys: Solute Atom Clusters and Their Strengthening

LIU Gang, ZHANG Peng, YANG Chong, ZHANG Jinyu, SUN Jun(

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State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China

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LIU Gang, ZHANG Peng, YANG Chong, ZHANG Jinyu, SUN Jun. Aluminum Alloys: Solute Atom Clusters and Their Strengthening. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(11): 1484-1498.

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Abstract

Benefiting from the rapid development in advanced characterization technologies, solute atom clusters in metal materials can now be quantitatively characterized in a high temporal and spatial resolution. This greatly promotes in-depth investigations on solute atom clustering. As for the widely-used Al alloys, solute atom clusters are attracting increasing attention not only as precursors for the precipitates during the aging process but also as a novel approach to strengthen and toughen the Al alloys. Experimental evidence has proved that solute atom clusters can simultaneously afford high strength and great ductility, indicating potential tailoring freedom to achieve an excellent strength-ductility combination. In this paper, the recent progress in solute atom clustering associated with Al alloys are summarized, including comprehensive characterization, thermodynamics and kinetics of formation, influencing factors, strengthening and toughening, and an application example. Ultimately, from the author's point of view, possible key directions for further studies of solute atom clusters are also proposed.

Key words: aluminum alloy solute atom cluster strengthening/toughening microstructural characterization mechanical property

Received: 23 July 2021

ZTFLH:

TG146.21

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(51621063);Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation(BP2018008)

About author: SUN Jun, professor, Tel: (029)82667143, E-mail: junsun@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

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	Gang LIU
	Peng ZHANG
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	Jinyu ZHANG
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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00301 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2021/V57/I11/1484

Fig.1 Representative HAADF-STEM images showing the Sc clusters in an Al-0.3%Sc aged at 250oC in low (a) and high (b) magnification, which are compared with the Al₃Sc precipitates created at higher temperature (c), representative APT images showing the Sc clusters in the alloy aged for 2, 8, and 14 h, respectively (d), together with the statistical results on the cluster size (Inset shows the results of large clusters with atoms > 33) (e)^[50]

Fig.2 Aging time-dependent relative increase in electrical resistivity (Δρ / ρ₀, ρ₀ is the electrical resistivity at quenched condition (or aging time = 0)) of naturally aged Al-3.6%Cu-1.6Mg alloy after different pre-strains (0, 2.0%, 4.5%, 6.0%, and 9.0%) (a), representative APT images showing Cu-Mg clusters in the naturally-aged alloys with pre-strains of 0 and 9.0%, respectively (b)^[68]

Fig.3 Representative APT images to show the Zn and Mg atom distribution and Zn-Mg clusters in the Al-4.75%Zn-1.39%Mg alloy naturally aged for 1440 h (60 d) (size: 225 nm × 56 nm × 56 nm) (a), statistical results on the size and density of the Zn-Mg cluster in the 1440 h-sample stretched to different strains (ε) of 0, 7%, 13%, and 20% (b), evolution of the normalized average cluster size on the stretched strain: experimental results (dots) vs model predictions (curves) (c), and tensile stress-strain curves of the as-quenched (AQ), naturally-aged (NA) 24 h, 5 d, 60 d, peak-aged T6, and over-aged T7 samples, for comparison (d)^[94]

Fig.4 Room-temperature stress-strain curves of the twin-roll cast (solid line) and hot-rolled (dash line) Al-Mg-Si sheets (Insets are APT image to show the Mg-Si clusters in the twin-roll (TR) cast sheet and TEM images to show dislocations and precipitates in the hot-rolled (HR) one)

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