Research Progress in Dwell Fatigue Service Reliability of Titanium Alloys for Pressure Shell of Deep-Sea Submersible

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00441

Acta Metall Sin

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (6): 713-726 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00441

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Research Progress in Dwell Fatigue Service Reliability of Titanium Alloys for Pressure Shell of Deep-Sea Submersible

ZHANG Bin¹, TIAN Da¹, SONG Zhuman², ZHANG Guangping²(

)

¹Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Education Ministry of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shengyang 110819, China
²Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

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ZHANG Bin, TIAN Da, SONG Zhuman, ZHANG Guangping. Research Progress in Dwell Fatigue Service Reliability of Titanium Alloys for Pressure Shell of Deep-Sea Submersible. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(6): 713-726.

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Abstract

Service reliability of deep-sea submersible pressure shells is critical for ensuring the safety of the submersibles. To manufacture pressure shells for deep-sea submersibles, titanium alloys have emerged as key materials owing to their exceptional service performances in the deep-sea environment. Herein, use of titanium alloys in deep submersibles is introduced. Then, the latest research on the primary failure modes of titanium alloys, including creep at room temperature, low cycle fatigue, and dwell fatigue, based on the types of titanium alloys used in deep-sea submersibles is reviewed. Additionally, the main factors that affect dwell fatigue, including the micromechanism of dwell fatigue damage and dwell fatigue model, are summarized. This work can serve as a reference for the development of new titanium alloys with high strength and low dwell effect. Finally, specific issues related to the service reliability evaluation of titanium alloy components used in the deep sea are outlined, and future research focuses are presented.

Key words: deep-sea submersible titanium alloy dwell fatigue service reliability

Received: 05 September 2022

ZTFLH:

TG135

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(51971060);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52171128)

Corresponding Authors: ZHANG Guangping, professor, Tel:(024)23971938, E-mail: gpzhang@imr.ac.cn

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	ZHANG Bin
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Table 1 Design characteristics of pressure spherical shells for main manned submersibles at home and abroad^[6,7,17-22]

Table 2 Basic mechanical properties of TC4, TC4 ELI, Ti80, and Ti62A alloys at room temperature^{[2,13,22,24-34]}

Alloy	Creep loading mode	Microstructure	σ_max / MPa	σ_max / σ_s	$ε ˙ s$ / (%·s^-1)	T_c / h	ε_T / %	Ref.
TC4 ELI	Compression	Basketweave	794	-	2.09 × 10^-9	1500	-	[4]
TC4 ELI	Compression	Bimodal	1092	-	4.07 × 10^-8	1500	-	[4]
TC4 ELI	Compression	Basketweave	1092	-	2.12 × 10^-8	1500	-	[4]
TC4 ELI	Compression	Bimodal	794	-	3.11 × 10^-9	1500	-	[4]
TC4 ELI	Tension	Bimodal	540	0.60	-	150	0.496	[28]
TC4 ELI	Tension	Bimodal	720	0.80	-	150	0.697	[28]
TC4 ELI	Tension	Basketweave	556	0.60	-	150	0.473	[28]
TC4 ELI	Tension	Basketweave	742	0.80	-	150	0.636	[28]
TC4 ELI	Compression	Basketweave	695	0.70	-	1600	0.877	[29]
TC4 ELI	Compression	Basketweave	794	0.80	2.11 × 10^-11	1600	1.038	[29]
TC4 ELI	Compression	Basketweave	843	0.85	6.23 × 10^-11	1600	1.129	[29]
TC4 ELI	Compression	Basketweave	893	0.90	1.24 × 10^-10	1600	1.329	[29]
TC4 ELI	Compression	Basketweave	1092	1.10	2.12 × 10^-10	1600	2.787	[29]
TC4 ELI	Compression	Bimodal	695	0.70	-	1600	1.006	[29]
TC4 ELI	Compression	Bimodal	794	0.80	3.06 × 10^-11	1600	1.284	[29]
TC4 ELI	Compression	Bimodal	843	0.85	8.02 × 10^-11	1600	1.413	[29]
TC4 ELI	Compression	Bimodal	893	0.90	1.62 × 10^-10	1600	1.603	[29]
TC4 ELI	Compression	Bimodal	1092	1.10	4.05 × 10^-10	1600	3.460	[29]
Ti80	Compression	Bimodal	700	0.80	2.35 × 10^-9	2500	-	[27]
Ti80	Compression	Bimodal	740	0.85	1.03 × 10^-8	2500	-	[27]
Ti80	Compression	Bimodal	780	0.90	2.47 × 10^-8	2500	-	[27]
Ti62A	Compression	Bimodal	977-1011	0.95	-	120	0.600-0.750	[22]
Ti62A	Tension	Bimodal	891-933	0.95	-	120	0.950-1.490	[22]
TC4	Compression	Near lameller	814-965	0.95	-	120	0.860-1.830	[22]
TC4	Tension	Near lameller	765	0.95	-	120	1.57	[22]

Table 3 Creep properties of TC4 ELI, Ti80, Ti62A, and TC4 alloys at room temperature^[4,22,27-29]

Fig.1 Steady-state creep rates of compressive creep of Ti80^[27] and TC4 ELI^[29] alloys under different stress levels

Fig.2 Low cycle fatigue life of TC4^[52] and TC4 ELI^[40] alloys under strain control (a) and TC4 ELI alloy with different microstructures under stress control^[4,54] (b)

Table 4 Dwell fatigue properties of TC4, TC4 ELI, and Ti62A titanium alloys at room temperature^{[3,22,51,68,89]}

Fig.3 Dwell fatigue life of TC4 ELI alloy under different dwell time and stress levels^[3]

Fig.4 Schematics of stress relaxation (a), Maxwell model (b), plastic deformation of α_p grain (c), and relaxation process (d)^[118] (α_p—primary α phase, α_s—secondary α phase; σ_a—applied stress, ε_e—elastic strain, ε_p—plastic strain, η—viscosity, E—Young modulus, σ(t)—time-dependent stress, b —Burgers vector, h_i—height of slip steps, ΔL_i—increment of the length of the grain after certain loading cycles, θ—angle between slip direction and loading direction, σ₀—pileup stress, σ_c—critical stress)

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