Effect of Ti on β Structural Stability and Mechanical Properties of Zr-Nb Binary Alloys
WANG Mingkang1, YUAN Junhao1, LIU Yufeng2, WANG Qing1(), DONG Chuang1, ZHANG Zhongwei3
1.Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China 2.Science and Technology of Advanced Functional Composites Laboratory, Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology, Beijing 100076, China 3.Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Cite this article:
WANG Mingkang, YUAN Junhao, LIU Yufeng, WANG Qing, DONG Chuang, ZHANG Zhongwei. Effect of Ti on β Structural Stability and Mechanical Properties of Zr-Nb Binary Alloys. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(1): 95-102.
Metastable bcc β-Zr alloys generally have low elastic modulus, magnetic susceptibility, good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility, which are ascribed to co-alloying of multiple elements to enhance the structural stability of the bcc-β phase. This work systematically investigated the effects of Nb and Ti elements on the structural stability of the bcc-β phase and mechanical properties of Zr-Nb-Ti alloys. Various binary [Zr-Zr14](Zr, Nb)3 alloy compositions were designed by the cluster formula approach, based on which Ti was substituted for the base Zr to form ternary alloys. Alloy rods were prepared by the copper-mold suction-cast method with vacuum protection. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys were characterized using XRD, OM, and TEM etc. The results show that the crystal structures of the Zr-Nb binary alloys could change from hcp-α to bcc-β with increasing Nb content, whereas, the ω-phase always coexists with the β-phase. An appropriate amount of Ti addition can significantly inhibit the precipitation of ω, resulting in the further improvement of the stability of the β-phase. The single β-[Ti-Zr14]Nb3 (Zr-17.37Nb-2.98Ti, mass fraction, %) ternary alloy exhibited not only a low elastic modulus of E=57 GPa but also a good tensile property with a high yield strength of σYS=557 MPa and an elongation of δ=15.5%.
Fund: National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0702401);National Natural Science Foundation of China(91860108);Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(2019-KF-05-01)
Fig.1 XRD spectra (a) and OM images of typical alloys N1 (b) and N3 (c)
Fig.2 TEM bright-field (BF) (a1, b1) and dark-field (DF) (a2, b2, c, d) images and the corresponding SAED patterns (insets) of [Zr-Zr14](Zr, Nb)3 series of alloys N1 (a1, a2), N2 (b1, b2), N3 (c), and Zr-19.2Nb (d)
Fig.3 TEM BF and DF images and SAED patterns (insets) of [Ti-Zr14](Ti, Nb)3 series of alloys TN3 (a) and T1N2 (b)
Fig.4 Engineering tensile stress-strain curves of series of alloys
Alloy
Phase constitution
E
σYS
σUTS
δ
Microhardness
Nbeq (mass
GPa
MPa
MPa
%
HV
fraction / %)
Matrix
Second
phase
N1
α(α')
β
71±2
678±16
785±10
5.5±0.4
265±8
5.65
N2
β
ω
96±2
-
692±12
-
415±7
8.47
N3
β
ω
59±1
559±12
603±8
13.8±0.6
194±6
16.92
TN3
β
-
57±1
557±9
584±11
15.5±0.5
195±3
20.12
T1N2
β
α+ω
64±3
496±16
847±7
17.4±0.8
237±6
17.75
Zr-19.2Nb
β
ω
55±1
488±15
515±10
12.2±0.6
190±6
19.20
Table 1 Mechanical properties and phase constitution of the designed series of alloys
Fig.5 The variations of elastic modulus (a), and microhardness, strength, as well as elongation to fracture (b) with the Nbeq and phase constitution of series of alloys
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