1 State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China 3 AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, China
Cite this article:
ZENG Li, WANG Guilan, ZHANG Haiou, ZHAI Wenzheng, ZHANG Yong, ZHANG Mingbo. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of GH4169D Superalloy Fabricated by Hybrid Arc and Micro-Rolling Additive Manufacturing. Acta Metall Sin, 2024, 60(5): 681-690.
GH4169D is an age-strengthened nickel-based superalloy designed according to the improved GH4169 superalloy, which has become a remarkable candidate material for aero engines' hot-end components. However, large columnar grains and obvious anisotropy of mechanical properties often occur in this superalloy, which is fabricated by conventional wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). To solve these problems, hybrid arc and micro-rolling additive manufacturing (HARAM) has been proposed. HARAM operates by combining WAAM with the rolling process. Herein, GH4169D superalloy samples were fabricated by WAAM and HARAM. Further, microstructures and mechanical properties of the samples under different heat treatments were investigated. Results show that with micro-rolling applied, large columnar grains became finer. In addition, the tensile strength of HARAM-ed GH4169D was significantly improved compared with WAAM-ed GH4169D (48 MPa in the X direction and 90 MPa in the Z direction), and the anisotropy of mechanical properties of HARAM-ed GH4169D was effectively eliminated. Homogenization plus solution plus double aging heat treatment effectively eliminated Laves segregation phase and induced the recrystallization of HARAM-ed GH4169D, leading to more finer and uniform grains than those without heat treatment, thereby, making the comprehensive properties optimal (the tensile strength and elongation were 1366 MPa and 25.0% in the X direction and 1354 MPa and 24.6% in the Z direction, respectively).
Fig.1 Schematic of hybrid arc and micro-rolling additive manufacturing (HARAM)
Fig.2 Schematic of deposition scanning strategy (The blue and red parallel arrows represent the deposition scanning paths of the Nth and (N + 1)th layers, respectively)
Fig.3 Dimension of the tensile test specimen (unit: mm)
Fig.4 Macrostructures (a, b) and OM images (c, d) of WAAM-ed (a, c) and HARAM-ed (b, d) GH4169D block samples (WAAM—wire and arc additive manufacturing)
Fig.5 EBSD images of WAAM-ed (a) and HARAM-ed (b) GH4169D superalloys
Fig.6 OM images of HARAM-ed GH4169D superalloy before (a) and after solution + double aging (SA) (b), pre-solution + solution + double aging (PSA) (c), and homogenization + solution + double aging (HSA) (d) treatments
Fig.7 EBSD images of HARAM-ed GH4169D superalloy after SA (a) and HSA (b) treatments
Fig.8 OM images of WAAM-ed (a) and HARAM-ed (b) GH4169D superalloys after HSA treatment
Fig.9 SEM images and corresponding EDS element maps of HARAM-ed GH4169D superalloy before (a) and after SA (b), PSA (c), and HSA (d) treatments
Fig.10 XRD spectra of HARAM-ed GH4169D superalloy before and after different heat treatments
Fig.11 TEM images of HARAM-ed GH4169D superalloy before (a) and after HSA (b) treatments
Specimen
Rm / MPa
A / %
X direction
Z direction
X direction
Z direction
WAAM-ed
982 ± 1.2
941 ± 3.3
20.0 ± 1.43
26.4 ± 2.34
WAAM-ed, HSA
1331 ± 1.5
1306 ± 24.3
20.8 ± 0.85
25.9 ± 4.05
HARAM-ed
1030 ± 14.0
1031 ± 26.0
22.3 ± 1.45
24.8 ± 1.25
HARAM-ed, SA
1164 ± 11.0
1284 ± 2.0
9.1 ± 1.25
11.2 ± 1.00
HARAM-ed, HSA
1366 ± 5.8
1354 ± 2.5
25.0 ± 3.19
24.6 ± 2.52
Table 1 Tensile properties of WAAM-ed and HARAM-ed GH4169D superalloys under different heat treatments
Fig.12 Fracture SEM images of HARAM-ed GH4169D superalloy after SA (a) and HSA (b) treatments
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