Additively Manufactured Biodegrabable Metal Implants

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00294

Acta Metall Sin

2021, Vol. 57

Issue (11): 1499-1520 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00294

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Additively Manufactured Biodegrabable Metal Implants

ZHENG Yufeng¹(

), XIA Dandan², SHEN Yunong¹, LIU Yunsong², XU Yuqian², WEN Peng³, TIAN Yun⁴, LAI Yuxiao⁵

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
^2.Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Medical products Administration Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100081, China
^3.State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
^4.Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
^5.Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China

Cite this article:

ZHENG Yufeng, XIA Dandan, SHEN Yunong, LIU Yunsong, XU Yuqian, WEN Peng, TIAN Yun, LAI Yuxiao. Additively Manufactured Biodegrabable Metal Implants. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(11): 1499-1520.

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Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM) can produce complicated structures accurately and freely, giving the implant a macro and micro geometry, which makes the implant match the patient's defect site and realize the needs for personalized clinical treatment. Thus, AM provides a new manufacturing method for biodegradable metals. Presently, biodegradable metals are the hotspot issues of metallic biomaterials research. Additively-manufactured biodegradable metals are new research field. In this paper, a comprehensive review on the AM of Mg-, Zn-, and Fe-based biodegradable metals, which focuses on their processes and influencing factors, mechanical properties, biodegradation behavior, and biocompatibility, is given. Finally, the future development trend of the AM biomedical metallic materials is explored.

Key words: additive manufacturing biodegradable metal mechanical property biodegradation behavior biocompatibility

Received: 19 July 2021

ZTFLH:

R318.08

Fund: National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFE0104200);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51931001);Open Project of NMPA Key laboratory for Dental Materials(PKUSS20200401);CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team(JCTD-2020-19)

About author: ZHENG Yufeng, professor, Tel: (010)62767411, E-mail: yfzheng@pku.edu.cn

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	Yufeng ZHENG
	Dandan XIA
	Yunong SHEN
	Yunsong LIU
	Yuqian XU
	Peng WEN
	Yun TIAN
	Yuxiao LAI

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00294 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2021/V57/I11/1499

Table 1 Summary of biodegradable metals' properties^[12-17]

Table 2 Characteristics and potential applications of metallic biomaterials^[20,21]

Table 3 Summary of different 3D printing methodologies^[22]

Fig.1 Examples of AM patient specific implants used for reconstruction of resected bone tumours and follow-up X-ray films showing placement, specifically

Fig.2 SEM images of JDBM (Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy) powders fabricated by gas atomization (a)^[58] and nitrogen atomized pure Zn powder (b)^[59] (It is also observable that smaller particles are attached onto the surface of some powder particles (indicated by white arrows in Fig.2a), and that some powder particles have a partial shell (indicated by black arrows in Fig.2a))

Fig.3 Power-speed process map for L-PBF prepared WE43 (a)^[66] and relationship between density and E_v under different powers and speeds (b)^[59] (Hs—hatch spacing, Ds—layer thickness, E_v—volume energy; SLM—selective laser melting)

Fig.4 The summary of additively manufactured porous biomaterials' lattice structures

Fig.5 Timelines displaying a historical background of AM biodegradable metals research and development, biodegradable scaffolds and stents made by L-PBF (L-PBF—laser powder bed fusion) (a)^{[59,69,77,78,80,81,109-121]}, Mg-based biodegradable metals (b)^[113], Zn-based biodegradable metals (c)^[59], and Fe-based biodegradable metals (d)^[118]

Fig.6 In vivo evaluation of AM porous Fe scaffolds

Fig.7 Tensile properties of bulk medical metallic materials manufactured by L-PBF (a)^{[59,112,115,116,119,123,125,127-136]}, elastic modulus-compressive yield strength relationship of biodegradable scaffolds manufactured by L-PBF (b)^{[58,78-81,118,121,142]}, biodegradation rates of L-PBF biodegradable metals (c)^{[78-80,118,119,121,128,137,144,145]}, and cell viability of MG63 and MC3T3-E1 cell lines in L-PBF biodegradable metals' extractions (The unmarked parts are the cell viabilities of MG63) (d)^{[58,78-81,118,121,128,137,151,152]}

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