MAGNETIC VISCOSITY BEHAVIOR AND EXCHANGE INTERACTION FOR Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe NANOCOMPOSITE PERMANENT ALLOYS

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2015.00517

Acta Metall Sin

2016, Vol. 52

Issue (5): 561-566 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2015.00517

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MAGNETIC VISCOSITY BEHAVIOR AND EXCHANGE INTERACTION FOR Nd₂Fe₁₄B/α-Fe NANOCOMPOSITE PERMANENT ALLOYS

Weidan LI,Xiaohua TAN,Kezhi REN,Jie LIU,Hui XU

Institute of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China

Cite this article:

Weidan LI,Xiaohua TAN,Kezhi REN,Jie LIU,Hui XU. MAGNETIC VISCOSITY BEHAVIOR AND EXCHANGE INTERACTION FOR Nd₂Fe₁₄B/α-Fe NANOCOMPOSITE PERMANENT ALLOYS. Acta Metall Sin, 2016, 52(5): 561-566.

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Abstract

A well known feature of ferromagnetic materials is the time dependent behavior of the magnetic polarization, i.e. magnetic viscosity, which arises from thermal activation over energy barriers. It is found that magnetic parameters, such as the fluctuation field (H_f) and the exchange interaction length (l_ex), have a close relationship with the microstructure of the materials. Therefore, investigation on magnetic viscosity is helpful to understand the coercivity mechanism of ferromagnetic materials. In this work, ingots with nominal composition Nd_8.5Fe₇₆Co₅Zr₃B_6.5Dy₁, Nd_9.5Fe₇₅Co₅Zr₃B_6.5Nb₁ and Nd_9.5Fe_75.4Co₅Zr₃B_6.5Ga_0.6were prepared by arc-melting pure metals Nd, Fe, Co, Zr, Dy, Nb, Ga and Fe-B alloy in an argon atmosphere. A small portion of an ingot weighing about 5 g was re-melted in a quartz nozzle and ejected onto a rotating copper wheel in a range of 10~30 m/s. The annealing treatment was carried out at 690~710 ℃ for 4~5 min. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), XRD and TEM were used to study magnetic viscosity behavior and exchange interaction for Nd₂Fe₁₄B/α-Fe nanocomposite permanent alloys. Furthermore, the relationship among exchange interaction, microstructure and magnetic property was discussed. For the nanocomposite Nd_8.5Fe₇₆Co₅Zr₃B_6.5Dy₁, Nd_9.5Fe₇₅Co₅Zr₃B_6.5Nb₁ and Nd_9.5Fe_75.4Co₅Zr₃B_6.5Ga_0.6alloys, H_f and l_ex were obtaind by sweep rate measurement. The H_f were 4.80, 4.87 and 5.09 kA/m, and l_exwere 4.53, 4.41 and 4.20 nm for permanent Nd_8.5Fe₇₆Co₅Zr₃B_6.5Dy₁, Nd_9.5Fe₇₅Co₅Zr₃B_6.5Nb₁ and Nd_9.5Fe_75.4Co₅Zr₃B_6.5Ga_0.6alloys, respectively. It suggested that the l_ex had a minor change. The Nd_9.5Fe₇₅Co₅Zr₃B_6.5Nb₁alloy had the strongest exchange interaction among three alloys in this work. It is due to a refined microstructure and uniform distribution of grains. Furthermore, the behavior of the irreversible susceptibility (χ_irr) as a function of applied magnetic field (H) was investigated. A single sharp peak could be seen near coercive field in the χ_irr-H curve in three alloys, suggesting that the magnetization reversal was a uniform reversal process. The Nd_9.5Fe_75.4Co₅Zr₃B_6.5Ga_0.6alloy exhibited a sharper and narrower peak, indicating a more rapid change in magnetization and a strong interaction between adjacent magnetic phases. Since exchange interaction of neighboring grains favors the nucleation of reversed domains, remanence enhancement is generally achieved at the expense of coercivity. Among three alloys, Nd_9.5Fe_75.4Co₅Zr₃B_6.5Ga_0.6alloy showed the optimum magnetic properties, that is, the coercivity H_c=687.56 kA/m, the remanence B_r=0.92 T, the maximum magnetic energy product (BH)_max=120.88 kJ/m³. It was mainly due to consisting of well-coupled grains with near perfect alignment of the easy magnetization direction, which improved the remanence and maximum energy product.

Key words: nanocomposite permanent alloy magnetic viscosity exchange interaction microstructure

Received: 08 October 2015

Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51171101 and 51471101)

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	Weidan LI
	Xiaohua TAN
	Kezhi REN
	Jie LIU
	Hui XU

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2015.00517 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2016/V52/I5/561

Table 1 The abbreviation, wheel speed and heat treatment conditions of nanocomposite permanent alloys

Fig.1 XRD spectra of nanocomposite permanent alloys Dy₁, Nb₁ and Ga_0.6

Fig.2 Demagnetization curves of nanocomposite permanent alloys Dy₁, Nb₁ and Ga_0.6 (H─applied magnetic field, J─magnetic polarization)

Table 2 The magnetic properties, fluctuation field H_f, exchange length l_exand average grain size for the nanocomposite permanent alloys Dy₁, Nb₁ and Ga_0.6

Fig.3 Deviation of normalized direct current demagnetization and isothemal remanent magnetic intensity (δM) as a function of H for nanocomposite permanent alloys Dy₁, Nb₁ and Ga_0.6

Fig.4 H_c as a function of sweep rate (r) for nanocomposite permanent alloys Dy₁, Nb₁ and Ga_0.6

Fig.5 Bright-field TEM images for nanocomposite permanent alloys Dy₁(a), Nb₁(b) and Ga_0.6(c)

Fig.6 Irreversible susceptibility (χ_irr) as a function of applied magnetic field (H) for nanocomposite permanent alloys Dy₁, Nb₁ and Ga_0.6

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