搅拌摩擦增材制造技术研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00436

金属学报

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (1): 106-124 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00436

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搅拌摩擦增材制造技术研究进展

李会朝¹, 王彩妹¹, 张华¹(

), 张建军¹, 何鹏², 邵明皓¹, 朱晓腾¹, 傅一钦³

1.北京石油化工学院机械工程学院北京 102617
2.哈尔滨工业大学先进焊接与连接国家重点实验室哈尔滨 150001
3.中国石油天然气集团有限公司北京 100724

Research Progress of Friction Stir Additive Manufacturing Technology

LI Huizhao¹, WANG Caimei¹, ZHANG Hua¹(

), ZHANG Jianjun¹, HE Peng², SHAO Minghao¹, ZHU Xiaoteng¹, FU Yiqin³

1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China
2.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
3.China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 100724, China

引用本文:

李会朝, 王彩妹, 张华, 张建军, 何鹏, 邵明皓, 朱晓腾, 傅一钦. 搅拌摩擦增材制造技术研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(1): 106-124.
Huizhao LI, Caimei WANG, Hua ZHANG, Jianjun ZHANG, Peng HE, Minghao SHAO, Xiaoteng ZHU, Yiqin FU. Research Progress of Friction Stir Additive Manufacturing Technology[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(1): 106-124.

全文: PDF(5037 KB) HTML

摘要:

本文归纳总结了国内外的搅拌摩擦增材制造(FSAM)技术的研究进展，搅拌摩擦增材制造具有成形快、增材效率高、过程绿色环保等特点。此外，其作为一种固相增材技术，能够有效避免其他熔化增材方法成形过程中引起的缩松、孔隙等缺陷。目前报道的搅拌摩擦增材制造方法，大致可以分为4大类：轴向增材制造、径向增材制造、消耗型搅拌摩擦工具增材制造和叠加板材增材制造。详细列举了搅拌摩擦增材与激光、电弧增材样品微观组织与性能，阐述了不同增材方法的优缺点和适用领域，介绍了搅拌摩擦增材设备单位及已经开展的初步应用和未来设计的搅拌摩擦增材装置的发展方向，为搅拌摩擦增材技术的进一步应用奠定了基础。

关键词 ：固相增材, 搅拌摩擦, 增材制造, 微观组织, 力学性能

Abstract：

This paper summarizes the research progress of friction stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) technology at home and abroad. FSAM is fast-forming, has high additive efficiency, and provides environmental protection. In addition, as a solid-phase additive technology, it effectively avoids shrinkage, porosity, and other defects caused by other melt-additive methods during molding. Currently, reported FSAM methods can be roughly divided into four categories: axial additive manufacturing, radial additive manufacturing, consumable friction-stir tool additive manufacturing, and superimposed plate additive manufacturing. The microstructures and properties of friction stir, laser, and arc additive samples are listed in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of the different additive methods and their application fields are expounded. The companies of friction stir additive equipment, the preliminary applications, and the development direction of friction stir additive equipment designed in the future are introduced. It lays a foundation for further application of friction stir additive technology.

Key words： solid phase additive friction stir additive manufacturing microstructure mechanical property

收稿日期: 2022-09-01

ZTFLH:

TG439.8

基金资助:先进焊接与连接国家重点实验室(哈尔滨工业大学)开放课题研究基金项目(AWJ-23M08);北京石油化工学院交叉科研探索项目(BIPTCSF-013)

作者简介: 李会朝，男，1999年生，硕士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00436 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2023/V59/I1/106

图1 搅拌摩擦增材制造(FSAM)方法分类

图2 热丝摩擦增材装置设备工作原理图[56]

图3 静止轴肩空腔增材装置原理图

图4 螺旋槽增材装置原理图

图5 螺旋槽粉末增材装置原理图

图6 送料孔粉末增材装置原理图[61]

图7 方形原料条增材装置原理图

图8 短棒物料增材装置原理图

图9 原料棒连续增材装置原理图[65]

图10 颗粒式增材装置原理图

图11 半固态增材装置原理图

图12 径向逐圈增材装置原理图[69]

图13 径向逐层增材装置原理图

图14 施加冷却的增材装置原理图[75]

表1 不同材料FSAM样品性能与组织特点[71,78~80]

表2 FSAM与激光、电弧增材样品微观组织特点[32,81,82]

图15 增材制造后样品微观组织对比图[32,81,82]

表3 3种方法增材件的拉伸性能对比[32,74,81~87]

FSAM	Additive form	Advantage		Disadvantage	Scope of application
method
Axial	Wire material	Low cost; multiple wire	Sustainable	Complex	Carrier rockets, ships; automobiles
direction	Wire material	Low cost; multiple wire	uninterrupted	structure;	and other fields; suitable for
		feeding holes; high			and other fields; suitable for
		feeding holes; high			aluminum alloy ribbed panel
		efficiency^[59]	additive;	material	aluminum alloy ribbed panel
		efficiency^[59]	additive;	material	structure, inlet, complex frame
			high additive	residue in	structure, inlet, complex frame
			high additive	residue in	beam structure of high efficiency,
			efficiency	equipment	beam structure of high efficiency,
			efficiency	equipment	low cost manufacturing^[58]
					low cost manufacturing^[58]
	Powder	Changeable molding			Preparation of new alloys difficult to prepare in equilibrium metallurgical processes^[61]
		parameters and additive
		powder ratio^[61]
	Raw material	High material utilization			Ultrafine grained homogeneous
	rod	High material utilization			Ultrafine grained homogeneous
	rod	and small processing			AM parts and thermoplastic
		allowance^[63]; expanded			polymers for various metals
		additive geometry^[62]			and alloys^[65]
	Granules	Diversified materials and			FSAM of gradient composites^[67]
		sizes^[67]
	Various	Manufactruing of composite			FSAM of gradient composites^[67]
	materials can	materials^[67]
	be added
Radial	Circle-by-turn	High additive quality; high load-bearing		Low additive	Manufacture of raw materials such
direction		additive components; high bonding strength^[69]		efficiency	as metals and metal matrix
					composites with different
					morphologies^[69]
	Layer-by-layer	High material utilization; non-polluting			Manufacture of dissimilar alloy
		powder raw material; no structural			and light alloy structural parts^[71]
		limitations^[71]
Consumable	Raw bar	Simple equipment method; simple operation			AM of light metal structures such
friction	material	steps; low cost; short manufacturing time;			as aluminum alloy and magnesium
stir tool		fast forming speed^[72]			alloy and stainless steel
Superimposed	Lap based on	Simple additive method; simple operation			Applicable to aerospace,
plate	FSW	steps; low cost			automotive parts, ships, and
	Stationary	No grinding or cutting after additive			rail transportation fileds; and
	shoulder	manufacturing			AM of aluminum alloy, magnesium
	Apply cooling	Effectively reduceing the thermal effect^[75]			alloy and other light metal
	Stirring head	The material mixes more fully^[76]			structures, and stainless steel
	with special
	structure
	Add preset	High bonding strength; high joint quality;
	heterogeneous	high fracture strength^[77]
	metal
	interlayer

表4 FSAM不同增材方式的优缺点和适用领域[58,59,61~63,65,67,69,71,72,75~77]

表5 FSAM设备单位及其开展的应用

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