锻造<strong>-</strong>增材复合制造<strong>Ti-6Al-4V</strong>合金结合区显微组织及力学性能

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00416

金属学报

2021, Vol. 57

Issue (10): 1246-1257 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00416

研究论文

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锻造-增材复合制造Ti-6Al-4V合金结合区显微组织及力学性能

马健凯, 李俊杰(

), 王志军, 王俞鉴, 王锦程(

)

西北工业大学凝固技术国家重点实验室西安 710072

Bonding Zone Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Forging-Additive Hybrid Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

MA Jiankai, LI Junjie(

), WANG Zhijun, WANG Yujian, WANG Jincheng(

)

State Key Laboratory of Solidification Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China

引用本文:

马健凯, 李俊杰, 王志军, 王俞鉴, 王锦程. 锻造-增材复合制造Ti-6Al-4V合金结合区显微组织及力学性能[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(10): 1246-1257.
Jiankai MA, Junjie LI, Zhijun WANG, Yujian WANG, Jincheng WANG. Bonding Zone Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Forging-Additive Hybrid Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(10): 1246-1257.

全文: PDF(4965 KB) HTML

摘要:

在Ti-6Al-4V合金锻造成形双态组织基材上采用激光立体成形方法(送粉式激光增材制造)沉积块体试样，研究了不同线能量密度输入下基材与增材结合区的微观组织特征及形成机制。结果表明，结合区内不同高度部位由于热源影响程度存在差异，形成了从下到上的非均匀组织。其中下部区域由于峰值温度较低，仍保持初始双态组织形貌，但发生一定粗化；中部区域随着温度升高以及保温时间延长，形成等轴α相、层片α相及大量次生α相的混合组织；而上方靠近增材区的峰值温度超过β相转变温度，完全转变为由层片α相形成的魏氏体组织，并伴随着由于元素扩散不充分而形成的阴影结构。对包含基材区和增材区的结合试样进行拉伸测试发现，在设定的能量密度范围内，断裂位置均远离结合区，表明增材区与基材区结合良好，结合区强度超过基材区及增材区强度。此外，对比不同能量密度复合制造Ti-6Al-4V试样的拉伸测试结果发现，线能量密度为100 J/mm时，结合区以及增材区α相特征尺寸较小，复合制造试样的屈服强度和抗拉强度最大。随线能量密度的增大，复合制造试样屈服强度和抗拉强度均减小，而延伸率增加。

关键词 ：复合制造, 线能量密度, 结合区, 显微组织, 力学性能

Abstract：

The forging-additive hybrid manufacturing technology combines the advantages of traditional manufacturing in terms of efficiency and cost with the refined, flexible, and rapid prototyping characteristics of additive manufacturing. It provides an effective solution for efficient forming of large components. The bonding zone between the wrought-substrate and laser-deposition zones is the fundamental key in the properties of the entire component. In this study, laser solid forming (a powder-feeding laser additive manufacturing technology) was used to deposit bulk samples on a wrought Ti-6Al-4V substrate that contained a bi-modal microstructure. The microstructure in the bonding zone between the substrate and laser-deposition zones under different inputs of linear energy density were studied. The results show that the microstructure in the bonding zone varied from the bottom to the top due to the different influence extents of the heat source. Because of the lower peak temperature, the bi-modal microstructure at the bottom of the bonding zone still retained the initial morphology but contained a certain degree of coarsening. A mixed structure that contained equiaxed α, lamellar α, and a large number of secondary α in the middle of the bonding zone occurred with the increase in temperature and prolonging of the holding time. Meanwhile, the peak temperature of the upper part exceeded the β-phase transition temperature, which exhibited a Widmanstätten structure consisting of lamellar α and the so-called ghost area that was formed due to insufficient element diffusion. In the tensile tests, the fracture position of all bonding samples fabricated with various linear energy densities were very far from the bonding zone, indicating a better strength of the bonding zone than that of the wrought substrate and laser-deposition part. In addition, when the linear energy density was 100 J/mm, the yield and tensile strengths of the composite fabricated sample were larger than that with linear energy densities of 133 and 200 J/mm because the feature size of the α phase in the bonding and additive zones was smaller. Both the yield and tensile strengths of the hybrid fabricated specimen decreased with the increase in the linear energy density, whereas the elongation increased.

Key words： hybrid manufacturing line energy density bonding zone microstructure mechanical property

收稿日期: 2020-10-23

ZTFLH:

TG146

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB1106003);国家自然科学基金项目(51874245)

作者简介: 马健凯，男，1988年生，博士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00416 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2021/V57/I10/1246

表 1 锻造态Ti-6Al-4V基材与Ti-6Al-4V合金粉末的化学成分 (mass fraction / %)

图1 锻造-增材复合制造实验示意图、复合制造试件、结合区拉伸试样取样位置和拉伸试样尺寸

表2 锻造-增材复合制造工艺参数

图2 不同线能量密度下锻造-增材复合制造Ti-6Al-4V合金的结合部位及基材的显微组织

图3 不同线能量密度下锻造-增材复合制造Ti-6Al-4V合金增材区的微观组织及其特征尺寸

图4 不同线能量密度下锻造-增材复合制造Ti-6Al-4V合金结合区的显微组织(a1, a2, a3) 100 J/mm (b1, b2, b3) 133 J/mm (c1, c2, c3) 200 J/mm

图5 不同线能量密度下锻造-增材复合制造Ti-6Al-4V合金结合区中不同组织的尺寸(a) width of lamellar α phase in bottom-BZ(b) diameter of equiaxed α phase in bottom-BZ(c) width of lamellar α phase in up-BZ(d) diameter of equiaxed β phase in up-BZ

图6 不同线能量密度下锻造-增材复合制造Ti-6Al-4V合金结合区中部的显微组织

图7 不同线能量密度下锻造-增材复合制造Ti-6Al-4V合金结合区上部的显微组织以及阴影结构的元素含量变化

图8 锻件-增材复合制造Ti-6Al-4V试样增材区的EBSD测试结果以及A晶粒的散点极图

图9 增材区中α相和β相的TEM像以及电子衍射斑点

图10 不同线能量密度下锻造-增材复合制造Ti-6Al-4V合金结合区试样的应力-应变曲线

表3 不同线能量密度下锻造-增材复合制造Ti-6Al-4V合金的力学性能

图11 不同线能量密度下结合区锻造-增材复合制造Ti-6Al-4V合金试样的断裂位置

图12 不同线能量密度下锻造-增材复合制造Ti-6Al-4V合金结合区的断口形貌

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