形状记忆合金弹热制冷效应的研究现状

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00270

金属学报

2021, Vol. 57

Issue (1): 29-41 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00270

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形状记忆合金弹热制冷效应的研究现状

肖飞, 陈宏, 金学军(

)

上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院上海 200240

Research Progress in Elastocaloric Cooling Effect Basing on Shape Memory Alloy

XIAO Fei, CHEN Hong, JIN Xuejun(

)

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

引用本文:

肖飞, 陈宏, 金学军. 形状记忆合金弹热制冷效应的研究现状[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(1): 29-41.
Fei XIAO, Hong CHEN, Xuejun JIN. Research Progress in Elastocaloric Cooling Effect Basing on Shape Memory Alloy[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(1): 29-41.

全文: PDF(5524 KB) HTML

摘要:

弹热制冷效应是利用固-固相变潜热的交替吸收和释放，实现制冷，具有能效高、温变较大和无制冷剂等特点，是非气-液压缩制冷首选技术。与磁热和电热制冷相比，弹热制冷具有成本低、制冷幅度大及效能高等优点。弹热效应所采用的材料主要为形状记忆合金，也成为该类合金近十来年的研究热点。本文概述了弹热效应的制冷机理及测量方法，归纳总结了Ti-Ni基、铜基、铁基以及Heusler型形状记忆合金体系作为弹热制冷材料的研究现状、潜力及尚存在的问题，并对形状记忆合金弹热制冷材料的应用进行了展望。

关键词 ：弹热效应, 形状记忆合金, 马氏体相变

Abstract：

Elastocaloric refrigeration is characterized by a high energy efficiency and drastic temperature change, and it requires no refrigerant. It is the best candidate for the non-gas-liquid compression refrigeration technology, which has the advantage of alternate absorption and release of latent heat during solid-solid phase transformation to realize refrigeration. Compared with the magnetocaloric and electrocaloric refrigeration, elastocaloric refrigeration exhibits advantages such as low cost, high cooling rate, and high efficiency. Elastocaloric refrigeration mainly employs shape memory alloys, which have been a research focus in the past decades. This study describes the mechanism and test methods of the elastocaloric effect and summarizes the research progress as well as challenges in the Ti-Ni-based, Cu-based, Fe-based, and Heusler-type shape-memory alloys as elastocaloric materials. Furthermore, a brief perspective on research directions of the elastocaloric effect based on shape memory alloys is presented herein.

Key words： elastocaloric effect shape memory alloy martensitic transformation

收稿日期: 2020-07-21

ZTFLH:

TG139

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51871151);上海市自然科学基金项目(20ZR1428800)

作者简介: 肖飞，男，1984年生，博士

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表1 各类固态制冷效应，诱发相变参数、典型温度变化及材料的对比[12]

图1 形状记忆合弹热效应原理示意图

图2 Ti-Ni形状记忆合金拉伸时弹热温度变化测试系统的示意图

图3 快速拉伸与卸载过程中，红外探测所得Ti-Ni形状记忆合金样品温度的演变[19]

图4 Ti-44Ni-5Cu-1Al形状记忆合金加载过程中的样品温度及应变演化[30]

图5 根据文献[46]绘制的具有特定Ti3Ni4析出相排布的Ti-Ni形状记忆合金的反弹热效应

图6 根据文献[72,73]绘制的具有典型一级马氏体相变的Ni-Fe-Ga-Co合金和具有弱一级马氏体相变的Fe-Pd合金弹热效应起源的比较

图7 几类代表性弹热制冷材料的等温熵变(ΔSiso)和绝热温度变化(ΔTadi)的对比

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