高强韧<strong>QPT</strong>工艺的先进钢组织调控和强韧化研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00524

金属学报

2022, Vol. 58

Issue (4): 444-456 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00524

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高强韧QPT工艺的先进钢组织调控和强韧化研究进展

李伟(

), 贾兴祺, 金学军

上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院相变与结构研究所上海 200240

Research Progress of Microstructure Control and Strengthening Mechanism of QPT Process Advanced Steel with High Strength and Toughness

LI Wei(

), JIA Xingqi, JIN Xuejun

Institute of Phase Transformation and Structure, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

引用本文:

李伟, 贾兴祺, 金学军. 高强韧QPT工艺的先进钢组织调控和强韧化研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(4): 444-456.
Wei LI, Xingqi JIA, Xuejun JIN. Research Progress of Microstructure Control and Strengthening Mechanism of QPT Process Advanced Steel with High Strength and Toughness[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(4): 444-456.

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摘要:

先进高强钢经历了从第一代至第三代的高速发展，为汽车工业中轻量化及安全性的持续提升提供了重要保障。作为第三代先进高强钢的代表钢种之一，淬火-配分(QP)钢和淬火-配分-回火(QPT)钢近10年来发展迅速。本文从以下几个方面对QP钢及QPT钢的制备工艺和强韧化机理进行了综述：(1) 从QP到QPT的工艺设计发展历程及其原理；(2) 配分过程中的C配分和组织演变规律；(3) 亚稳奥氏体的稳定性及其对相变诱发塑性(TRIP)效应的影响；(4) 纳米析出强化的QPT钢的组织和热处理工艺设计；(5) 热成形QPT钢一体化工艺；(6) QP钢、QPT钢的强韧化机制和使用服役性能。并对今后QP钢和QPT钢的制造与使用前景作出展望。

关键词 ：先进钢, QPT, 配分, 马氏体相变, 强韧性

Abstract：

Advanced high-strength steels have undergone rapid development from the first to third generation, which has considerably contributed to the continuous improvement of lightweight materials and safety in the automotive industry. The third generation representative steels, including quenching-partitioning (QP) and quenching-partitioning-tempering (QPT) steels have rapidly developed in the past 10 years. This article summarizes the preparation process as well as the strengthening and toughening mechanisms of QP and QPT steels from the following perspectives: (1) process design development and principles from QP to QPT, (2) carbon distribution and microstructure evolution during the partitioning process, (3) stability of metastable austenite and its influence on transformation-induced plasticity, (4) microstructure and heat-treatment process design of nanoprecipitation-strengthened QPT steel, (5) the integrated process of hot-forming QPT steel, and (6) the strengthening and toughening mechanisms and the service performance of QP and QPT steels. Finally, future prospects for manufacturing and using QP and QPT steels are discussed.

Key words： advanced steel QPT partition martensitic transformation strength and toughness

收稿日期: 2021-12-01

ZTFLH:

TG142

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(52071209);国家自然科学基金项目(51831002);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0703003)

作者简介: 李伟，男，1981年生，副教授，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00524 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2022/V58/I4/444

图1 淬火-配分(QP)热处理工艺和相应目标组织示意图

图2 中锰钢QP工艺和对应的目标组织示意图

图3 不同前驱组织QPT热处理后两相界面处的Mn分布的透射电镜(TEM)像和能谱(EDS)分析[54]

图4 回火-双配分(TDP)处理得到了具有Mn浓度梯度的核壳结构奥氏体TDP以及双配分(DP)工艺下双相组织的TEM像和EDS分析，以及TDP工艺下奥氏体/铁素体界面及析出相处的三维原子探针表征[63]

图5 非等温配分工艺应用于热成形高强钢的原理示意图

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