选区激光熔化<strong>NiTi</strong>形状记忆合金研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00422

金属学报

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (1): 55-74 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00422

综述

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

选区激光熔化NiTi形状记忆合金研究进展

杨超¹(

), 卢海洲²(

), 马宏伟¹, 蔡潍锶¹

1.华南理工大学国家金属材料近净成形工程技术研究中心广州 510640
2.广东技术师范大学机电学院广州 510665

Research and Development in NiTi Shape Memory Alloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

YANG Chao¹(

), LU Haizhou²(

), MA Hongwei¹, CAI Weisi¹

1.National Engineering Research Center of Near-Net-Shape Forming for Metallic Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
2.School of Mechatronic Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China

引用本文:

杨超, 卢海洲, 马宏伟, 蔡潍锶. 选区激光熔化NiTi形状记忆合金研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(1): 55-74.
Chao YANG, Haizhou LU, Hongwei MA, Weisi CAI. Research and Development in NiTi Shape Memory Alloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(1): 55-74.

全文: PDF(6296 KB) HTML

摘要:

由于NiTi形状记忆合金(SMAs)具有高反应敏感性和低热导率等物性，导致其初步成形件的后续加工十分困难，作为一种典型的金属增材制造技术，选区激光熔化(SLM)在近净成形复杂几何形状的金属构件方面具有显著优越性，能够有效解决NiTi SMAs冷加工难、加工成本高的问题。为实现SLM NiTi SMAs的工程应用，需厘清其工艺参数-微观结构-功能特性的内在联系，揭示其相转变行为与功能特性变化的机理，建立坚实的理论基础。基于此，本文重点对SLM NiTi SMAs的成形性、相转变行为、微观结构、力学性能和热机械性能的相关研究结果进行了分析与总结。同时，对近来SLM多孔NiTi SMAs的设计及其生物相容性的探索研究进行了阐述。最后，本文展望了SLM NiTi SMAs研究过程中需要重点突破的问题。

关键词 ：选区激光熔化, NiTi形状记忆合金, 微观结构, 热机械性能, 多孔NiTi

Abstract：

The postprocessing/machining of NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) is extremely challenging and difficult due to their low thermal conductivity and the high reactivity of ready-made NiTi parts. As a typical metal additive manufacturing technology, selective laser melting (SLM) offers significant advantages and can directly fabricate complex metallic parts, effectively address the problems of cold workability and machinability for NiTi parts. By establishing the relationship between processing parameters, microstructure, functional properties, and revealing the underlying mechanisms for altered phase transformation behavior and functional properties of SLM NiTi SMAs, it can serve as a theoretical foundation for expanding the applications of SLM NiTi SMAs. As a result, this paper comprehensively evaluates the formability, phase transformation behavior, microstructure, mechanical properties, and thermomechanical properties of SLM NiTi SMAs. Additionally, the design of SLM porous NiTi SMAs, as well as their biocompatibility, are discussed. Eventually, the future development trend and critical problems in studying SLM NiTi SMAs are investigated.

Key words： selective laser melting NiTi shape memory alloy microstructure thermomechanical property porous NiTi

收稿日期: 2022-08-31

ZTFLH:

TG146.23

基金资助:广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B090923001);国家自然科学基金项目(U19A2085)

作者简介: 杨超，男，1977 年生，教授

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00422 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2023/V59/I1/55

图1 选区激光熔化(SLM) NiTi形状记忆合金(SMAs)的整体研究内容与路径

图2 SLM制备NiTi SMAs的粉末原材料[21~24]

表1 常用的SLM制备NiTi SMAs的工艺参数[8,9,23,24,26~57]

图3 低功率和低扫描速率条件下能量密度与NiTi SMAs的成形性关系图[9]；高功率和高扫描速率条件下得到的NiTi SMAs[26]；Eagar-Tsai模型预测的工艺参数与对应的成形质量图[19]

图4 SLM NiTi SMAs中形成缺陷的原因[19]以及能量密度对成形性的影响[22]

图5 相同能量密度(100 J/mm3)下SLM Ni50.6Ti49.4合金的制备态及其在1000℃固溶处理2 h后的DSC曲线[10]；功率变化时SLM Ni50.6Ti49.4合金的DSC曲线[15]；不同扫描间距下打印态、固溶处理态和时效态Ni51.4Ti48.6合金的DSC曲线[35]

图6 不同扫描间距下SLM Ni50.9Ti49.1合金在熔池不同区域的亚结构、沉淀相和位错的TEM像[16]

图7 热处理后SLM NiTi SMAs的TEM像、STEM像和SAED花样[19,35,47]

图8 压缩条件和拉伸条件下NiTi SMAs的力学性能总结[14,15,19,24,26,27,40~43,45,46,53,55,56,63~75]

图9 相同能量密度[61]和不同扫描间距[62]条件下打印态SLM Ni50.8Ti49.2合金的压缩超弹性行为；不同功率和速率下打印态SLM Ni50.8Ti49.2合金的循环压缩超弹性行为[62]

图10 SLM NiTi SMAs的压缩超弹性[29,35,79]

图11 SLM NiTi SMAs的单向拉伸力学性能和拉伸超弹性[15,19,43,47,80]

表2 压缩条件下SLM NiTi SMAs的超弹性回复应变总结[23,24,26,29,35,51,61,62,70,79,82,83]

表3 拉伸条件下SLM NiTi SMAs的超弹性回复应变总结[14,19,20,47,49,56,72]

图12 NiTi、不锈钢和人体组织的性能对比图；多孔结构的模型图以及SLM制备的多孔NiTi SMAs[37,38,63,90]

图13 不同多孔NiTi SMAs的力学性能与功能特性[37,63,90]

图14 SLM多孔NiTi SMAs的生物相容性[63]

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