人工时效对<strong>2A12</strong>铝板力学性能和强化相的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00293

金属学报

2020, Vol. 56

Issue (5): 736-744 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00293

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

人工时效对2A12铝板力学性能和强化相的影响

梁孟超, 陈良(

), 赵国群

山东大学液固结构演变与加工教育部重点实验室济南 250061

Effects of Artificial Ageing on Mechanical Properties and Precipitation of 2A12 Al Sheet

LIANG Mengchao, CHEN Liang(

), ZHAO Guoqun

Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China

引用本文:

梁孟超, 陈良, 赵国群. 人工时效对2A12铝板力学性能和强化相的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(5): 736-744.
Mengchao LIANG, Liang CHEN, Guoqun ZHAO. Effects of Artificial Ageing on Mechanical Properties and Precipitation of 2A12 Al Sheet[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2020, 56(5): 736-744.

全文: PDF(2909 KB) HTML

摘要:

在不同温度和保温时间下对2A12铝合金冷轧板进行了人工时效处理，通过显微硬度和室温拉伸实验测试了合金的力学性能，对不同时效阶段合金的微观组织和析出相进行了表征。研究发现，2A12铝合金冷轧板具有单个时效峰，时效温度越高，达到峰值时效所需的时间越短，时效温度与时间对其力学性能均具有较大影响。随时效时间的增加，合金断裂方式由韧性断裂逐渐转变为沿晶韧窝断裂和穿晶断裂。时效初期合金主要为Cu-Mg团簇强化，峰值时效时为Cu-Mg团簇和GPB区强化，过时效时析出相逐渐转化为稳定的S (Al₂CuMg)相。在考虑均质形核与非均质形核的共同作用下，2A12铝合金冷轧板的时效脱溶析出序列为过饱和固溶体(SSS)→Cu-Mg团簇+S_inhomo→Cu-Mg团簇+GPB区+S_inhomo→Cu-Mg团簇+GPB区+S_homo+S_inhomo→S。

关键词 ： 2A12铝合金冷轧板, 人工时效, 析出相, 力学性能

Abstract：

2A12 Al alloy has been widely applied in the fields of aviation, aerospace, and vehicles due to its light weight, high specific strength and good corrosion resistance. The solution and ageing treatments are usually performed after the processing on 2A12 Al alloy, and the ageing parameters greatly affect the final mechanical properties. In the present study, the artificial ageing was performed on the cold rolled 2A12 Al sheet under various holding temperatures and holding time. The mechanical properties were evaluated by micro-hardness and tensile tests. Moreover, the evolution of microstructure and precipitations during ageing with different holding time were characterized. The results showed that the 2A12 Al sheet had the sole peak ageing, and the higher the temperature, the shorter time was required for the peak ageing. Both the holding temperature and holding time significantly affected the mechanical properties. The optimal ageing parameters were determined as holding at 185 ℃ for 16 h, and the corresponding yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation along rolling direction were 381 MPa, 476 MPa and 13.6%, respectively. S (Al₂CuMg) phase gradually precipitated during ageing process, and the size and distribution of S phase greatly affected the fracture mechanism. At the initial stage of ageing, S phase precipitated near grain boundaries, and the ductility fracture could be observed. With the extension of holding time, the coarsening of S phase took place, and the fracture was gradually transformed to intergranular and transcrystalline modes. Cu-Mg cluster was the main strengthening mechanism at the initial stage of ageing. Both Cu-Mg cluster and GPB zone contributed to the strengthening under the peak ageing, and the precipitations were transformed to stable S phase under the over ageing. Considering the combined effects of homogeneous and inhomogeneous nucleation, the precipitation during ageing of cold rolled 2A12 Al sheet followed the sequence of supersaturated solid solution (SSS)→Cu-Mg cluster+S_inhomo→Cu-Mg cluster+GPB zone+S_inhomo→Cu-Mg cluster +GPB zone+ S_homo+S_inhomo→S.

Key words： cold rolled 2A12 Al sheet artificial ageing precipitate mechanical property

收稿日期: 2019-09-06

ZTFLH:

TG156

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0306402);国家自然科学基金项目(51735008)

作者简介: 梁孟超，男，1992年生，硕士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00293 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2020/V56/I5/736

表1 人工时效实验方案

图1 拉伸试样形状及尺寸

图2 微观组织观察与拉伸试样取样位置示意图

图3 2A12铝合金冷轧板人工时效过程显微硬度曲线

图4 不同时效温度条件下2A12铝合金冷轧板沿RD方向拉伸性能变化曲线

图5 185 ℃下时效不同时间2A12铝合金冷轧板沿TD方向拉伸性能变化曲线

图6 185 ℃下时效不同时间2A12铝合金冷轧板沿RD方向的拉伸断口形貌

图7 2A12铝合金冷轧板在185 ℃下人工时效4 h后的TEM像及选区电子衍射(SAED)花样

图8 沿[001]Al方向Al基体及S相衍射斑点示意图

图9 2A12铝合金冷轧板在185 ℃下人工时效16 h后的TEM像及SAED花样

图10 2A12铝合金冷轧板在185 ℃下人工时效64 h后显微组织的TEM像

图11 2A12铝合金在185 ℃下人工时效64 h后基体中颗粒状析出相的HRTEM像及SAED花样

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