汽车用先进高强度冷轧双相钢的显微组织调控和强韧化机理

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00061

金属学报

2022, Vol. 58

Issue (4): 551-566 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00061

综述

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汽车用先进高强度冷轧双相钢的显微组织调控和强韧化机理

储双杰¹^,²(

), 毛博¹(

), 胡广魁²

^1.上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院上海 200240
^2.宝山钢铁股份有限公司上海 201900

Microstructure Control and Strengthening Mechanism of High Strength Cold Rolled Dual Phase Steels for Automobile Applications

CHU Shuangjie¹^,²(

), MAO Bo¹(

), HU Guangkui²

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
^2.Baoshan Iron & Steel Co. , Ltd. , Shanghai 201900, China

引用本文:

储双杰, 毛博, 胡广魁. 汽车用先进高强度冷轧双相钢的显微组织调控和强韧化机理[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(4): 551-566.
Shuangjie CHU, Bo MAO, Guangkui HU. Microstructure Control and Strengthening Mechanism of High Strength Cold Rolled Dual Phase Steels for Automobile Applications[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(4): 551-566.

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摘要:

汽车用先进高强钢支撑了现代汽车工业的飞速发展。其中双相钢以优异的力学综合性能、良好的焊接和涂装性能及较低的成本，被广泛应用于汽车结构件和车身材料中，实现有效的结构减重并提升汽车的安全性能。合金成分和组织的优化设计是获得高性能双相钢的主要手段，而明确双相钢的组织特性影响因素以及与力学性能之间的关系则是指导双相钢的合金成分和组织优化设计的必然要求。本文围绕汽车用先进高强度冷轧双相钢的显微组织和力学性能研究的最新进展，首先概述了双相钢合金成分设计的准则以及利用合金元素对显微组织进行调控的方法。然后总结了双相钢在热加工过程中的显微组织演变的规律，探讨了轧制、两相区退火、冷却过程以及过时效过程对双相钢显微组织的影响。分析了双相钢力学性能和典型的失效形式，以及与显微组织之间的关系。最后简述了目前汽车用双相钢研究还存在的科学问题和挑战，并展望了未来的研究方向和发展趋势。

关键词 ：汽车用钢, 双相钢, 显微组织, 力学性能

Abstract：

Steels have been critical in the rapid development of the global automobile industry. Among all automotive steels, dual phase (DP) steels have been extensively used as the mechanical components and outer plates in automobiles, owing to their excellent mechanical properties, desirable weldability and paintability, and low manufacturing cost. DP steels are beneficial in reducing the weight and increasing the safety of automobiles. The optimization of alloy elements and microstructure are essential for the engineering performance of DP steels. Understanding the relationship between their mechanical properties and microstructural features as well as the factors affecting the microstructure is of utmost importance. This study reviews the recent advances in the research on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of high strength cold-rolled DP steels for automobile applications. First, the alloy design principles and microstructure tailoring mechanism are summarized. Then, the microstructure evolution during thermal-mechanical processing, which includes rolling, intercritical annealing, subsequent cooling, and over-aging process is discussed. Thereafter, the mechanical properties and failure mechanism of DP steels as well as their relationship with the microstructural features are analyzed. Furthermore, the related challenges and future research directions are discussed and proposed, respectively.

Key words： automotive steel dual phase steel microstructure mechanical property

收稿日期: 2022-02-17

ZTFLH:

TG142.1

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(52101046)

作者简介: 储双杰，男，1964年生，教授级高级工程师，博士

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图1 双相钢典型的设计思路和显微组织

图2 添加Al和Mo的双相钢和普通双相钢组织对比[28]

图3 双相钢在热加工过程中的显微组织演变过程[33~35]

图4 热轧温度参数对双相钢显微组织和织构的影响[34]

图5 两相区退火工艺参数对双相钢的显微组织演变的影响[47](a) intercritical annealing temperature (b) intercritical annealing time (c) heating time

图6 两相区退火之后的冷却速率对双相钢组织的影响[47]

图7 过时效过程中双相钢的显微组织演变[60]

图8 马氏体含量对双相钢力学性能的影响[70]

图9 利用纳米压痕仪研究双相钢的力学反应[73]

图10 双相钢的裂纹产生和失效机理[87]

图11 3种不同马氏体含量的双相钢对应的断裂机理[92]

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