航空发动机用粉末高温合金及制备技术研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00119

金属学报

2019, Vol. 55

Issue (9): 1133-1144 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00119

综述

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

航空发动机用粉末高温合金及制备技术研究进展

张国庆^1,⁴,张义文^2,³,郑亮^1,⁴(

),彭子超¹

1. 北京航空材料研究院先进高温结构材料重点实验室北京 100095
2. 钢铁研究总院高温材料研究所北京 100081
3. 钢铁研究总院高温合金新材料北京市重点实验室北京 100081
4. 中国航发增材制造技术创新中心北京 100095

Research Progress in Powder Metallurgy Superalloys and Manufacturing Technologies for Aero-Engine Application

ZHANG Guoqing^1,⁴,ZHANG Yiwen^2,³,ZHENG Liang^1,⁴(

),PENG Zichao¹

1. Advanced High Temperature Structural Materials Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, China
2. High Temperature Material Research Institute, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China
3. Beijing Key Laboratory of New Superalloy Materials, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China
4. AECC Additive Manufacturing Technology Innovation Center, Beijing 100095, China

引用本文:

张国庆,张义文,郑亮,彭子超. 航空发动机用粉末高温合金及制备技术研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(9): 1133-1144.
Guoqing ZHANG, Yiwen ZHANG, Liang ZHENG, Zichao PENG. Research Progress in Powder Metallurgy Superalloys and Manufacturing Technologies for Aero-Engine Application[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2019, 55(9): 1133-1144.

全文: PDF(20457 KB) HTML

摘要:

本文概述了我国粉末高温合金及制备技术的研究进展。在粉末制备方面，重点介绍了Ar气雾化制粉技术关键因素，包括设备、雾化过程、粒度控制、O含量控制、粉末形貌控制和夹杂控制等。针对涡轮盘件制备技术，总结了双性能涡轮盘、双合金整体叶盘技术和等温锻造模具用材料的研究进展。此外，还介绍了在粉末高温合金高通量实验和表征以及蠕变行为等方面的研究进展。结合当前航空发动机、3D打印等高端工程用材料重大需求，对我国粉末高温合金制备技术和发展方向进行了展望。

关键词 ：航空发动机, 粉末高温合金, Ar气雾化制粉, 涡轮盘件, 制备技术, 3D打印粉末, 高通量实验

Abstract：

The research progress in powder metallurgy (PM) superalloys and manufacturing technologies are reviewed. The key control factors of Ar gas atomization (AA) powder manufacturing are introduced, including the aspects of the equipment development, atomization process, particle size, oxygen content, powder morphology and inclusion control. For the turbine disk manufacturing technology, the research progress of dual-property turbine disk, dual-alloy integral turbine wheel technologies and isothermal forging die materials are summarized. In the field of basic research, high-throughput experiment, advanced characterization and creep behavior of PM superalloys were introduced. According to the current major demand for aero-engines and 3D printing, the future of PM superalloys manufacturing technology is prospected.

Key words： aero-engine powder metallurgy superalloy Ar gas atomized powder manufacturing turbine disk manufacturing technology 3D printing powder high-throughput experiment

收稿日期: 2019-04-17

ZTFLH:

TG132.32，TG113

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0305800,2016YFB0701404);国家自然科学基金项目(51434007);工信部/欧盟地平线2020中欧航空科技合作项目(MJ-2015-H-G-104);英国钻石同步辐射光源项目(EE10597)

作者简介: 张国庆，男，1962年生，研究员，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00119 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2019/V55/I9/1133

图1 国内外粉末高温合金的发展

表1 欧美典型粉末高温合金成分[5,15,16]

表2 FGH4103、FGH4104和FGH4097合金的主要化学成分

图2 FGH4103、FGH4104和FGH4097合金的显微组织

表3 FGH4103、FGH4104和FGH4097合金的拉伸性能

表4 FGH4103、FGH4104和FGH4097合金的持久强度和低周疲劳强度

图3 真空感应熔炼气雾化制粉设备示意图

图4 单相气流场局部速度云图和轴线速度曲线

图5 液滴破碎过程模拟

图6 不同粒径粉末颗粒轨迹图

图7 PIV测速实验示意图和速度矢量分布图

图8 不同雾化压力下的雾滴尺寸(水雾化物理模拟)

图9 气体含量与高温合金粉末粒度的关系

图10 Ar气雾化高温合金粉末形貌

图11 双合金整体叶盘低倍组织

图12 FGH96合金700 ℃的蠕变速率计算结果与实验结果对比图

图13 粉末到块体高温合金组织转变的高通量实验[52]与微量相变的同步辐射X射线快速表征

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