热处理对选区激光熔化镍基粉末高温合金组织与力学性能的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00365

金属学报

2020, Vol. 56

Issue (8): 1133-1143 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00365

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热处理对选区激光熔化镍基粉末高温合金组织与力学性能的影响

郝志博¹, 葛昌纯¹(

), 黎兴刚², 田甜¹, 贾崇林³

1 北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院北京 100083
2 南方科技大学前沿与交叉科学研究院深圳 518055
3 中国航发北京航空材料研究院先进高温结构材料重点实验室北京 100095

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nickel-Based Powder Metallurgy Superalloy Processed by Selective Laser Melting

HAO Zhibo¹, GE Changchun¹(

), LI Xinggang², TIAN Tian¹, JIA Chonglin³

1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2 SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
3 Science and Technology on Advanced High Temperature Structural Materials Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, China

引用本文:

郝志博, 葛昌纯, 黎兴刚, 田甜, 贾崇林. 热处理对选区激光熔化镍基粉末高温合金组织与力学性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(8): 1133-1143.
Zhibo HAO, Changchun GE, Xinggang LI, Tian TIAN, Chonglin JIA. Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nickel-Based Powder Metallurgy Superalloy Processed by Selective Laser Melting[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2020, 56(8): 1133-1143.

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摘要:

以Ar气雾化法制备镍基高温合金粉末，利用选区激光熔化(SLM)技术制备了FGH4096M合金。运用OM、SEM、EBSD等手段研究了SLM沉积态和热处理态合金的组织和性能。结果表明，沉积态合金以奥氏体γ相基体为主，具有最高的延伸率。热处理后合金内析出大量的γ'相，γ'相均匀致密分布于合金内，能够明显提高合金强度。立方状或花瓣状γ'相与基体存在较高的晶格畸变，也能增加合金强度。精细的树枝结构和等轴结构对合金起到细晶强化作用。较高的固溶温度会促进SLM合金内回复和再结晶的发生，同时消除晶内树枝结构和等轴结构。沉积态合金平均延伸率为24.97%。经直接时效处理后的合金屈服强度和极限强度最高，其平均值分别为1459.46和1595.56 MPa。

关键词 ：镍基粉末高温合金, 选区激光熔化, 显微组织, 热处理

Abstract：

Nickel-based powder metallurgy superalloys have the characteristics of uniform structure, fine grains and no macrosegregation. Due to their excellent mechanical properties, such as excellent fatigue resistance, creep resistance, excellent high-temperature strength and crack propagation resistance, they have become the preferred materials for critical hot-end components such as aero engine turbine disks. Selective laser melting (SLM) has a high ability to form complex shape of parts, reducing post-machining procedures and completing efficient productions with low component volumes, so it has become a new technical route for the preparation of superalloys. In this work, the FGH4096M alloy was prepared by SLM technique with pre-powders prepared by vacuum induction argon atomization method. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the as build and heat-treated (HTed) alloys were investigated by OM, SEM, EBSD and so on. The as build alloy with a small number of γ' and carbide, mainly composed of austenite matrix γ phase, has the highest elongation. After heat treatment, a large amount of γ' phase precipitated in the alloy, which is one of the main factors affecting the mechanical properties of the alloy. The uniform and dense distribution of γ' precipitates in the alloy can significantly improve the strength. A higher lattice distortion between the γ' phase with cubic or petaloid shape and matrix can increase the strength of the alloy to some extent. Fine dendritic and equiaxed structures in SLM FGH4096M can improve the property of the alloy as fine grain strengthening. The higher solution temperature promotes the recovery and recrystallization of the SLM alloy, and eliminates the intra-crystal dendritics and equiaxed structures. The average elongation of the as build alloy is 24.97%. The yield strength and ultimate strength of the SLM FGH4096M alloy after direct ageing treatment are the highest, and the average values are 1459.46 and 1595.56 MPa, respectively.

Key words： nickel-based powder metallurgy superalloy selective laser melting microstructure heat treatment

收稿日期: 2019-11-04

ZTFLH:

TN249

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51171016)

作者简介: 郝志博，男，1987年生，博士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00365 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2020/V56/I8/1133

图1 FGH4096M合金粉末形貌及粒径分布

图2 选区激光熔化(SLM)沉积态FGH4096M合金的组织形貌、EBSD像及EDS分析

图3 SLM+DA (直接时效) FGH4096M 合金组织形貌与EBSD分析

图4 SLM+SSA (1050 ℃固溶+时效) FGH4096M合金组织形貌与EBSD分析

图5 SLM+SSA (1130 ℃) FGH4096M合金组织形貌与EBSD分析

图6 SLM+DSSA (双固溶+时效)FGH4096M合金组织形貌与EBSD分析

图7 SLM FGH4096M合金不同处理状态下的拉伸性能

图8 SLM FGH4096M合金不同处理状态下室温拉伸断口形貌

图9 不同处理状态下SLM FGH4096M合金局域取向差角和EBSD局域取向差分布图

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