微量元素Bi对Al-Pb合金凝固过程及显微组织的影响<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2015.00331

金属学报

2016, Vol. 52

Issue (4): 497-504 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2015.00331

论文

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微量元素Bi对Al-Pb合金凝固过程及显微组织的影响^*

孙倩^1,²,江鸿翔^1,²,赵九洲^1,²(

)

1 中国科学院金属研究所, 沈阳 110016
2 中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院, 沈阳 110016

EFFECT OF MICRO-ALLOYING ELEMENT Bi ON SOLIDIFICATION AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF Al-Pb ALLOY

Qian SUN^1,²,Hongxiang JIANG^1,²,Jiuzhou ZHAO^1,²

1 Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

孙倩,江鸿翔,赵九洲. 微量元素Bi对Al-Pb合金凝固过程及显微组织的影响^*[J]. 金属学报, 2016, 52(4): 497-504.
Qian SUN, Hongxiang JIANG, Jiuzhou ZHAO. EFFECT OF MICRO-ALLOYING ELEMENT Bi ON SOLIDIFICATION AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF Al-Pb ALLOY[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2016, 52(4): 497-504.

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摘要:

实验研究了微量元素Bi对Al-Pb合金凝固过程和显微组织的影响, 发现微量元素Bi能显著细化Al-Pb合金凝固组织中的富Pb相粒子, 细化效果随着Al-Pb合金Pb含量的增加而增强. 分析了微量元素Bi对Al-Pb合金液-液相变过程的影响机理, 模拟计算了微量元素Bi作用下Al-Pb合金凝固组织形成过程. 结果表明, 微量元素Bi减小Al-Pb合金液-液相变过程中液相间的界面能, 提升了富Pb相液滴的形核率, 促进富Pb相液滴的细化和Al-Pb合金弥散型凝固组织的形成.

关键词 ：微量元素, 偏晶合金, 界面能, 凝固组织

Abstract：

Monotectic alloys are characterized by a miscibility gap in the liquid state. Many of them have great potentials to be used in industry. For example, alloys based on Cu-Pb and Al-Pb are good candidates to be used as advanced bearing materials if the soft Pb phase is dispersed in the Al or Cu matrix. Cu-Cr alloy is a high-strength, high conductivity material and Cu-Co alloy is an excellent magneto-resistive material, etc.. However, when a homogeneous monotectic alloy melt is cooled into the miscibility gap, it will transform into two liquids. The liquid-liquid decomposition generally causes the formation of a phase segregated microstructure. In recent years, considerable efforts have been made to investigate the solidification behavior of monotectic alloys. A lot of experiments have been carried out under microgravity conditions in space as well as under the gravitational conditions on the earth. The solidification behaviors of monotectic alloys under the conventional and rapid solidification conditions as well as the effect of external fields, such as electric current, magnetic field etc., are investigated. Models describing the solidification process have been built and the microstructure formations under different conditions have been calculated. It has been demonstrated that the microstructure evolution during cooling an alloy in the miscibility gap is a result of the concurrent actions of the nucleation, growth, Ostwald ripening and motions of the dispersed phase droplets. The nucleation of the dispersed phase droplets has a dominant influence on the solidification microstructure of monotectic alloys. In this work, solidification experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of micro-alloying element Bi on the solidification of Al-Pb alloys. The experimental results demonstrate that micro-alloying element Bi can cause an obvious refinement of the Pb-rich particles. The refining effect increases with the increase of the Pb content of Al-Pb alloys. The affecting mechanism of micro-alloying element Bi on the solidification process of Al-Pb alloys was analyzed. The microstructure formation process was calculated. The numerical results indicate that the addition of micro-alloying element Bi causes a reduction in the interfacial energy between the two liquid phases and, thus, enhances the nucleation rate of the Pb-rich droplets and promotes the formation of Al-Pb alloys with a well-dispersed microstructure.

Key words： micro-alloying element monotectic alloy interfacial energy solidification microstructure

收稿日期: 2015-06-26

基金资助:*国家自然科学基金项目51271185和51471173, 以及中国载人航天工程项目TGJZ800-2-RW024资助

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2015.00331 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2016/V52/I4/497

图1 以10 mm/s速率连续凝固的Al-7%Pb-xBi (x=0, 0.05%, 0.10%)合金显微组织的SEM像

图2 以10 mm/s 速率连续凝固的Al-7%Pb-xBi合金中富Pb相粒子的二维尺寸分布

图3 Al-5%Pb-xBi和Al-9%Pb-xBi合金以10 mm/s速率连续凝固后显微组织的SEM像

图4 添加0.10%Bi条件下Al-Pb合金初生富Pb粒子二维平均直径随Pb含量的变化

图5 偏晶合金两液相间界面能、基体液相及弥散相液滴间成分差随温度变化示意图

图6 Al-Pb和Al-Bi合金两液相间界面能随温度的变化关系

图7 微量元素Bi富集表面区示意图和Bi在Al-Pb合金熔体内分布示意图

图8 凝固界面前沿熔体温度的实验值与计算值

图9 Al-5%Pb和Al-5%Pb-0.10%Bi合金凝固过程中富Pb相液滴形核率、数量密度及2D平均半径随位置的变化曲线

图10 Al-5%Pb和Al-5%Pb-0.10%Bi合金凝固过程中基体熔体过冷度和富Pb相液滴形核率随位置的变化曲线

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