铸造<strong>Mg-RE</strong>合金晶粒细化行为研究现状与展望

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00519

金属学报

2022, Vol. 58

Issue (4): 385-399 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00519

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铸造Mg-RE合金晶粒细化行为研究现状与展望

吴国华¹^,², 童鑫¹(

), 蒋锐¹, 丁文江¹^,²

^1.上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院轻合金精密成型国家工程研究中心上海 200240
^2.上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院金属基复合材料国家重点实验室上海 200240

Grain Refinement of As-Cast Mg-RE Alloys: Research Progress and Future Prospect

WU Guohua¹^,², TONG Xin¹(

), JIANG Rui¹, DING Wenjiang¹^,²

^1.National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

引用本文:

吴国华, 童鑫, 蒋锐, 丁文江. 铸造Mg-RE合金晶粒细化行为研究现状与展望[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(4): 385-399.
Guohua WU, Xin TONG, Rui JIANG, Wenjiang DING. Grain Refinement of As-Cast Mg-RE Alloys: Research Progress and Future Prospect[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(4): 385-399.

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摘要:

轻质高强耐热的镁稀土(Mg-RE)合金大型复杂铸件在航空航天、国防军工装备轻量化等方面展现出独特的优势。对铸造Mg-RE合金进行晶粒细化处理能够显著改善合金的强度、塑韧性以及铸造工艺性能，对拓宽其应用领域意义重大。本文首先基于成分过冷和异质形核，探讨了稀土元素及外加颗粒对镁合金晶粒细化的影响。归纳了适用于铸造Mg-RE合金的化学、物理细化方法及其作用机制，并系统论述了晶粒细化对铸造Mg-RE合金铸造工艺性能、力学性能及腐蚀性能的影响。最后面向Mg-RE合金的实际应用需求，对其细化处理方面存在的不足和发展趋势进行了探讨。

关键词 ： Mg-RE合金, 晶粒细化, 理论模型, 凝固组织, 性能

Abstract：

Magnesium rare-earth (Mg-RE) alloy castings with a large size and complex structure exhibit versatile prospects in critical aircraft, aerospace, and defense fields owing to their ultralow density, excellent specific strength, and high-temperature resistance. The grain refinement of cast Mg-RE alloys can significantly improve their strength, plasticity, toughness, and casting performance, which are critical for expanding their applications. In this work, the grain refinement mechanism of Mg alloys by introducing RE elements and heterogeneous particles is first discussed based on the classical theory of constitutional supercooling and heterogeneous nucleation. Various grain refinement technologies for Mg-RE alloy casting using chemical and physical methods are comprehensively summarized. Further, the influence of grain refinement on the casting performance, mechanical properties, and corrosion properties of Mg-RE cast alloys is thoroughly discussed. Finally, the deficiencies and development trends of the current grain refinement of Mg-RE alloys are discussed from the point of actual application requirements.

Key words： Mg-RE alloy grain refinement theoretical model solidification microstructure property

收稿日期: 2021-11-30

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(U2037601);国家自然科学基金项目(51821001);国家自然科学基金项目(51775334);上海航天先进技术联合研究基金项目(USCAST-2020-31)

作者简介: 吴国华，男，1964年生，教授，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00519 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2022/V58/I4/385

表1 RE元素在镁合金中的液相线斜率(m)、溶质平衡分配系数(k)和生长限制因子(Q) (溶质元素浓度Ci = 1.0%，质量分数)[21]

图1 镁合金晶粒尺寸与RE元素Q的关系[22]

图2 Al2Y颗粒与α-Mg基体的位向关系[26]以及Al2RE/α-Mg之间的错配度与其相界面能的关系[27]

图3 含Zr镁合金中的Zr晕形貌[22]及Mg-10Gd-3Y-xZr合金晶粒尺寸与共晶相体积分数随Zr含量的变化[36]

图4 采用Zr和Al2Y细化处理的Mg-10Y合金的显微组织[26]

图5 Al2Y颗粒的微观形貌及其与α-Mg基体的位向关系[27]

图6 强力熔体剪切后的MgO颗粒形貌[59]及MgO/Mg界面处Zr吸附层[60]

图7 Al2Sm颗粒和超声处理对Mg-5Sm-xAl合金晶粒细化的贡献[61]

图8 加Zr细化处理前后的Mg-4.5Zn-0.4Y合金的组织及热裂倾向性[12]

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