选区激光熔化高强韧铝合金的异质结构调控及力学性能

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00314

金属学报

2022, Vol. 58

Issue (11): 1509-1518 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00314

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

选区激光熔化高强韧铝合金的异质结构调控及力学性能

林研¹, 司丞¹, 徐京豫¹, 刘泽², 张诚¹(

), 柳林¹

^1.华中科技大学材料科学与工程学院材料成型与模具技术国家重点实验室武汉 430074
^2.武汉大学土木建筑工程学院工程力学系武汉 430072

Heterogeneous Structure and Mechanical Properties of Strong and Tough Al Alloys Prepared by Selective Laser Melting

LIN Yan¹, SI Cheng¹, XU Jingyu¹, LIU Ze², ZHANG Cheng¹(

), LIU Lin¹

^1.State Key Lab for Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
^2.Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

引用本文:

林研, 司丞, 徐京豫, 刘泽, 张诚, 柳林. 选区激光熔化高强韧铝合金的异质结构调控及力学性能[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(11): 1509-1518.
Yan LIN, Cheng SI, Jingyu XU, Ze LIU, Cheng ZHANG, Lin LIU. Heterogeneous Structure and Mechanical Properties of Strong and Tough Al Alloys Prepared by Selective Laser Melting[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(11): 1509-1518.

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摘要:

同时采用共晶成分设计和晶粒细化的策略,通过异质结构调控提升SLM成形的Al-Fe系列合金的强韧性。结果表明,SLM成形AlFe₅合金呈现柱状粗晶和等轴细晶并存的组织结构,其中细晶的体积分数较低,整体显微结构未表现出明显的非均匀性；随着Zr元素的添加,SLM成形AlFe₅Zr₁合金中细晶体积分数增加,呈现粗、细晶交替分布的非均匀异质结构。同时,SLM成形AlFe₅和AlFe₅Zr₁合金在纳米尺度均呈现胞状结构特征。这种纳米级胞状结构、过饱和Fe元素及高位错密度主导的强化机制使得SLM成形Al-Fe-Zr系列合金的屈服强度达400 MPa,且异质结构可进一步提升AlFe₅Zr₁合金的应变强化能力,使其抗拉强度达450 MPa。原位断裂韧性测试结果表明,异质结构可促使裂纹在扩展过程中发生偏折和尖端钝化,从而增加裂纹扩展阻力,使AlFe₅Zr₁合金具有优异的断裂韧性。

关键词 ： Al-Fe-Zr合金, 选区激光熔化(SLM), 异质结构, 力学性能

Abstract：

Aluminum alloys have been widely used in fields such as automotive and aerospace industries, owing to their excellent mechanical properties, lightweight, and low recycling costs. However, aluminum alloys processed by selective laser melting (SLM) typically suffer from insufficient strength and fracture toughness. To tackle this issue, a new strategy that integrates eutectic composition design and grain refinement has been adopted to create a heterogeneous structure that can improve strength and toughness of SLMed Al-Fe-Zr alloys. The SLMed AlFe₅ alloy consists of high-volume-fraction of coarse and columnar grains and low-volume-fraction of fine grains, and no obvious heterogeneity is visible across the microstructure length scale. With the addition of Zr, the volume fraction of fine grains significantly increases, leading to the heterogeneous distribution of coarse and fine grains in the SLMed AlFe₅Zr₁ alloy. Meanwhile, both AlFe₅ and AlFe₅Zr₁ alloys show a nanoscale cellular structure. This type of a nanosized cellular structure, together with supersaturated Fe and high-density dislocations, contributes to a high yield strength of 400 MPa for the SLMed AlFeZr alloys. The heterogeneous structure can further improve the strain strengthening capability, enabling a tensile strength as high as 450 MPa for the AlFe₅Zr₁ alloy. Furthermore, the heterogeneous structure promotes crack deflection and crack tip blunting, which can effectively increase crack growth resistance and impart superior fracture toughness to the AlFe₅Zr₁ alloy.

Key words： Al-Fe-Zr alloy selective laser melting (SLM) heterogeneous structure mechanical property

收稿日期: 2022-06-23

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(52061160483);国家自然科学基金项目(92166130);国家自然科学基金项目(52001075);中国博士后科学基金项目(2021M701290)

作者简介: 林研,男,1990年生,博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00314 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2022/V58/I11/1509

图1 平板拉伸试样和单边缺口拉伸试样的几何形状示意图

图2 不同工艺参数下选区激光熔化(SLM)成形AlFe5Zr1合金的相对密度及最佳工艺下AlFe5Zr1合金的三维X射线CT图像

图3 SLM成形AlFe5和AlFe5Zr1合金的EBSD图、极图和晶粒尺寸分布图

图4 SLM成形AlFe5和AlFe5Zr1合金的胞状结构形貌及胞状结构内的元素分布

图5 SLM成形AlFe5、AlFe5Zr1及AlSi10Mg合金的室温准静态拉伸工程应力-应变曲线

表1 SLM成形AlFe5、AlFe5Zr1和AlSi10Mg合金的拉伸性能

图6 SLM成形AlFe5、AlFe5Zr1及AlSi10Mg合金试样的载荷-位移曲线

图7 SLM成形AlFe5Zr1合金试样拉伸变形后的TEM明场像

图8 SLM成形AlFe5Zr1和AlFe5合金的裂纹扩展形貌

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