激光摆动对激光熔化沉积钛合金微观组织及力学性能的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00600

金属学报

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (1): 136-146 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00600

研究论文

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激光摆动对激光熔化沉积钛合金微观组织及力学性能的影响

方远志¹, 戴国庆¹, 郭艳华¹, 孙中刚¹(

), 刘红兵², 袁秦峰³

1.南京工业大学材料科学与工程学院新材料研究院南京 210009
2.上海工程技术大学材料工程学院上海 201620
3.浙江申吉钛业股份有限公司湖州 313306

Effect of Laser Oscillation on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Melting Deposition Titanium Alloys

FANG Yuanzhi¹, DAI Guoqing¹, GUO Yanhua¹, SUN Zhonggang¹(

), LIU Hongbing², YUAN Qinfeng³

1.Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
2.School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
3.Zhejiang Shenji Titanium Industry Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313306, China

引用本文:

方远志, 戴国庆, 郭艳华, 孙中刚, 刘红兵, 袁秦峰. 激光摆动对激光熔化沉积钛合金微观组织及力学性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(1): 136-146.
Yuanzhi FANG, Guoqing DAI, Yanhua GUO, Zhonggang SUN, Hongbing LIU, Qinfeng YUAN. Effect of Laser Oscillation on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Melting Deposition Titanium Alloys[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(1): 136-146.

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摘要:

针对激光熔化沉积冶金组织与缺陷，借鉴激光摆动焊接技术，提出一种激光摆动送粉增材制造TC4钛合金工艺，借助激光原位摆动改变熔池运动轨迹进而影响温度梯度和凝固速率，改善增材制造钛合金的微观组织。利用OM、SEM、EBSD和Vickers硬度计研究了激光摆动送粉增材制造工艺对TC4钛合金微观组织演变及力学性能的影响。结果表明，无摆动激光熔化沉积实验的最佳工艺参数为：激光功率1000 W，扫描速率8 mm/s，送粉速率6.92 g/min；直线型激光摆动的最佳工艺参数为：摆动频率200 Hz，摆动幅度1.5 mm。直线型激光摆动对熔池形貌改善显著，气孔和裂纹等缺陷较少，柱状晶数量和尺寸均有所减小，并且晶粒出现了等轴化的现象。相比无摆动样品，激光摆动后Ti-6Al-4V合金单道区域平均晶粒尺寸从5.20 μm减小到4.37 μm；硬度从418.00 HV提升到428.75 HV。

关键词 ：增材制造, 激光熔化沉积, 激光摆动, 组织演变

Abstract：

Laser melting deposition (LMD) combines the laser cladding and rapid prototyping manufacturing technologies, and can be used for swift prototyping of complex parts with excellent comprehensive properties. However, due to its unique metallurgical conditions, it is easy to develop penetrating columnar crystals and coarse primary grains along the building direction. This remarkably reduces the mechanical properties of the alloy. The root cause of this issue can be traced back to the thermodynamic and dynamic metallurgical processes. Thus, this study proposes an oscillating laser melting deposition (OLMD) based on laser oscillating welding technology, and aims to elucidate the metallurgical structure and defects of laser melt deposition. OLMD modifies the motion trajectory of the molten pool using a laser in situ oscillation, and directly impacts the temperature gradient and solidification rate, thus improving the microstructure of titanium alloy by LMD. Furthermore, the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of TC4 titanium alloy produced using OLMD were studied using OM, SEM, EBSD, and a Vickers hardness tester. The results indicate that the optimum process parameters of laser melting deposition without oscillation are as follows: the laser power is 1000 W, scanning rate is 8 mm/s, and powder feeding rate is 6.92 g/min. The optimum technological parameters of linear oscillation are as follows: the frequency is 200 Hz and the oscillation amplitude is 1.5 mm. Addition of linear laser oscillation considerably improved the morphology of the molten pool, and defects such as porosity and cracks were not observed. The overall number and size of columnar crystals reduced, and the grains were equiaxed. When compared to the sample without oscillation, the average grain size of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with linear oscillation decreased from 5.20 μm to 4.37 μm, while hardness increased from 418.00 HV to 428.75 HV.

Key words： additive manufacturing laser melting deposition laser oscillation microstructure evolution

收稿日期: 2021-12-31

ZTFLH:

TG665

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51875274);浙江省重点研发计划项目(2021C01085);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目

作者简介: 方远志，男，1997年生，硕士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00600 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2023/V59/I1/136

表1 无激光摆动单道试样的工艺参数

图1 激光摆动送粉增材制造示意图

表2 直线型激光摆动单道试样的工艺参数

图2 无激光摆动单道试样Nos.1~9的宏观形貌和横截面OM像

表3 不同工艺参数下无激光摆动单道试样的熔池尺寸

图3 直线型激光摆动单道试样Nos.L1~L12的宏观形貌和横截面OM像

图4 不同激光摆动频率和摆动幅度下直线型激光摆动单道试样Nos.L1~L12的纵截面OM像

图5 不同激光摆动频率下直线型激光摆动单道试样的熔池尺寸

图6 最佳工艺参数下的无激光摆动和直线型激光摆动单道试样的OM像

图7 无激光摆动和直线型激光摆动搭接试样的OM像

图8 无激光摆动激光熔化沉积搭接试样的EBSD分析

图9 直线型激光摆动搭接试样的EBSD分析

图10 无激光摆动和直线型激光摆动下Ti-6Al-4V合金的Vickers硬度

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